Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association
Collaborative Access Team
Environmental, Safety, and Health Plan

February 1999

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

1. INTRODUCTION
   1. Safety Program Overview
   2. General Policies
   3. Organization of Document
2. PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION
   1. Organizational Structure and Responsibilities
   2. Hazard Evaluations
   3. Orientation and Training
   4. Compliance with Regulations
   5. APS Guidance Documents and Reviews
   6. Organizational Communications
   7. Employee Involvement
   8. Managing Configuration Changes
   9. Chemical Hygiene Plan
   10. Hazard Communication Program
   11. Program Evaluations
   12. Accidents and Incidents
3. HAZARD EVALUATION AND CONTROL
   1. Chemical Hazards
   2. Electrical Hazards
   3. Ionizing Radiation
   4. Installation and Maintenance Activities
   5. Commissioning Activities
   6. Experiment Safety
   7. USER LOM Shop Operations
   8. Office Safety
4. SAFETY GUIDANCE, PRACTICES, & PROCEDURES
   1. Listing of Assignments for Key IMCA-CAT Safety Personnel
   2. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Hand Tool and Portable Power Tool Usage
   3. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Personal Protective Equipment
   4. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Work Area Demarcation, Warnings, and Controls
   5. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Electrical Safety Work Practices
   6. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for the Management of Chemicals
   7. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Transport of Small Quantities of Chemicals
   8. IMCA-CAT Guideline for the Management of Hazardous Waste
   9. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for the Management of Sealed Radioactive Calibration Sources
   10. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Hoisting and Rigging Operations
   11. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for the IMCA-CAT Sector Orientation
   12. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for LOM Laboratory Information Binders
   13. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Inspections
   14. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Accident Investigations
   15. IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Sample Handling

ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS

ALARA As low as reasonably achievable

ANL Argonne National Laboratory

ANL ESH Manual The ANL-East Environment, Safety and Health Manual

APS Advanced Photon Source

ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers

CAT Collaborative Access Team

CDC-NIH Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

DOE U.S. Department of Energy

DOT U.S. Department of Transportation

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ESH Argonne National Laboratory's Environment, Safety and Health Division

ESH-IH The Industrial Hygiene Section of Argonne National Laboratory's Environment, Safety and Health Division

ES&H Abbreviates `environment, safety and health'

HazCom Hazard Communication, particularly the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200

HazMat Hazardous material

IMCA Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association

IMCA-CAT Industrial Macromolecular Crystallography Association Collaborative Access Team

LOM Laboratory/Office Module

MAD Multiple-wavelength Anomalous Dispersion

MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet: A synopsis of safety-related product information required under OSHA's HazCom rule

NFPA National Fire Protection Association

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration, a bureau of the U. S. Department of Labor

PPE Personal protective equipment

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, a law administered by the EPA and various states, including Illinois

SAA Satellite Accumulation Area

XFD The Experimental Facilities Division of the Advanced Photon Source

Principal Investigator Any IMCA-CAT member, Independent Investigator, or other IMCA-CAT-authorized individual who is designing, building, or performing an experiment at an IMCA-CAT beamline.

IMCA-CAT Personnel IMCA-CAT staff, employees of IMCA member companies, and all other individuals who work at IMCA-CAT's Facilities at the APS under IMCA-CAT auspices.

Visitor A person who has been invited by IMCA-CAT personnel to spend time at IMCA-CAT facilities, but who is not a Principal Investigator.

INTRODUCTION

Safety Program Overview

The member institutions of IMCA-CAT;

• Abbott Laboratories
• Bayer Corporation
• Bristol Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute
• Eli Lilly and Company
• GlaxoWellcome Research Institute
• Merck & Company, Incorporated
• Monsanto Company and G.D.Searle, Incorporated
• Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research
• Pharmacia & Upjohn, Incorporated
• The Procter & Gamble Distributing Company
• Schering Plough Research Institute
• SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals
  and the
• Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)

wish to create and maintain a safe and ecologically sound research environment at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). However, IMCA as a consortium of competing pharmaceutical companies is required to maintain a certain level of confidentiality concerning the nature of the materials being analyzed by the member companies. Furthermore, the organization of IMCA-CAT, with a small staff of beamline specialists permanently stationed at the APS and a large user base of macromolecular x-ray crystallographers from the member companies, will be reflected in the way safety reporting relationships are structured. This document describes IMCA-CAT's policies for achieving these objectives by controlling hazards and reducing risks to acceptable levels. Specifically, IMCA and the IMCA-CAT will:

• Comply with relevant standards and adhere to practices and procedures mandated by the Advanced Photon Source;
• Identify and evaluate the hazards at each stage of beamline development, from beamline construction to operations and decommissioning;
• Incorporate engineered hazard controls into the design of the equipment and facilities IMCA-CAT uses at the APS;
• Develop procedures that take full advantage of these engineered controls;
• Develop training programs that enable IMCA-CAT members and visitors to use the engineered and procedural hazard controls effectively in creating a safe work environment; and
• Provide IMCA-CAT personnel with the support needed to promptly identify and resolve safety issues.

To preserve the effectiveness of the engineered and procedural hazard controls IMCA-CAT provides, all individuals using IMCA-CAT's facilities will:

• Report all physical, chemical, biological, or energy-related hazards anticipated or encountered while using IMCA-CAT facilities. Proprietary information necessary to identify a sample or to accurately assess potential hazards will be available on a need-to-know basis to key members of the IMCA-CAT staff;
• Make proper use of all engineered and procedural hazard controls provided by IMCA-CAT;
• Properly operate and maintain all sector equipment;
• Adhere to all prescribed work procedures;
• Avoid actions that will increase the risk of injury, illness, or damage to the environment;
• Promptly report evidence that an established hazard control has become ineffective; and
• Observe good housekeeping practices.

IMCA-CAT reserves the right to suspend the activities or revoke the research privileges of any person within its purview who disregards or attempts to circumvent these requirements.

General Policies

IMCA-CAT shall give highest priority to protecting the health and safety of its members, other users of the APS, visitors, ANL personnel, and the general public, and shall take all reasonable measures to prevent accidental damage to property and the environment.

It is IMCA-CAT's policy that no shielding or personnel safety system installed by the APS or included in an APS-approved configuration shall be modified, removed, or disabled and that no equipment, system, or apparatus shall be operated outside of its designed safety parameters without a formal review by the applicable XFD safety committees and the written approval of the XFD Associate Division Director for Operations.

It is IMCA-CAT's policy that no person shall be inside an IMCA-CAT first optics enclosure or experiment station when all the doors to that enclosure/station are closed. Samples which require biological containment facilities greater than those found in a standard biochemistry laboratory will not be entertained at the IMCA-CAT facility. The only radioactive materials expected to be present in the IMCA-CAT facilities will be small quantities of unenriched uranium salts, organouranium compounds, and thorium compounds used as heavy-atom derivative reagents.

IMCA-CAT will provide all IMCA-CAT personnel (i.e., IMCA-CAT members and all other individuals who work at IMCA-CAT's facilities at the APS under IMCA-CAT auspices) with an introductory safety orientation that will describe this safety program and stress the importance of complying with the environmental, safety, and health policies and practices described in this document and the ES&H documents of the respective IMCA-CAT member institutions, the XFD and ANL ESH Manuals, and the APS Conduct of Operations Manual. This plan is intended to supplement those documents; however, wherever policies or practices differ among the various documents, IMCA-CAT will observe the most protective requirements. IMCA-CAT expects its personnel to inform the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator of hazards not covered by any of the above-mentioned documents.

IMCA-CAT expects that its members and guests will:

• Complete required safety training before performing any work;
• Plan their work in advance, giving sufficient consideration to hazards and the controls needed to reduce risks to acceptable levels;
• Comply with job-specific safety requirements;
• Comply with protective equipment requirements;
• Remain outside demarcated areas unless both properly protected and authorized to enter; and
• Refuse to perform hazardous work when that work requires individuals to remain out of visual or audio range of other persons for more than a few moments.

Organization of Document

The rest of this document has been divided into the following parts:

• Chapter 2: Program Administration.
  Defines how IMCA-CAT will administer its safety program.
• Chapter 3: Hazard Evaluation.
  Identifies anticipated hazards and defines, in general terms, the steps that IMCA-CAT will take to control these hazards.
• Chapter 4: Safety Guidance, Practices, and Procedures.
  Describes the procedures (designated "IMCA-CAT Guidelines") that IMCA-CAT will use to control hazards. The procedures that are mandated by the APS have been incorporated verbatim. Those procedures that were developed by IMCA-CAT have incorporated requirements mandated by the APS, wherever they apply.

PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION

Organizational Structure and Responsibilities

IMCA-CAT has identified and evaluated the hazards its personnel are likely to encounter during operations in its spaces at the APS. This analysis and the practices mandated by the APS have led to the following assignments of IMCA-CAT responsibilities.
(Key personnel assignments are listed in Chapter 4 of this document.)

• Director and Manager
  The IMCA-CAT Director has the ultimate responsibility within IMCA-CAT for ensuring that the safety, health, and environmental protection components of this program embrace all of IMCA-CAT's activities at the APS, including the experimental work performed by Independent Investigators and IMCA-CAT members. Although the IMCA-CAT Director will delegate implementation of aspects of the program, the Director remains directly responsible for the program's continued effectiveness and for initiating corrective actions when required. Where policy is lacking or needs to be revised, the IMCA CAT Director will, in consultation with the members of the IMCA Supervisory Board's ES&H Committee, produce documentation to address these issues. The IMCA-CAT Director is also charged with maintaining the confidentiality of proprietary work performed by the IMCA-CAT members or agents working on their behalf.
  The IMCA-CAT Director also functions as the CAT Manager. As such he has long-range responsibility for maintaining safe conditions in all spaces occupied by IMCA-CAT at the APS. This responsibility includes ensuring that the work performed by IMCA-CAT members, guests, and on-site contractors providing services under IMCA-CAT auspices remains in accordance with the provisions of this program. The Manager works closely with the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator in identifying and resolving safety and environmental issues involving IMCA-CAT personnel and which arise as the result of interactions between IMCA-CAT personnel and other personnel at the APS. In cases involving proprietary work, the IMCA-CAT Manager and Safety Coordinator will maintain a confidential log book detailing the samples used, the potential hazards posed and procedures needed to mitigate the risks. The IMCA-CAT Manager has the authority to stop any IMCA-CAT activity judged to be unsafe or environmentally unsound. The Manager is also responsible for the adequacy of accident and incident investigation.
• Safety Coordinator
  The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator advises the IMCA-CAT Manager on safety-related matters to ensure that day-to-day operations are carried out in accordance with the practices and policies covered by this plan. The Safety Coordinator is on-site full-time, and as such will be responsible for the day-to-day maintenance of safe conditions in all of IMCA-CAT's workplace. The Safety Coordinator will ensure that IMCA-CAT personnel complete their required training and that IMCA-CAT personnel properly execute the safety-related responsibilities assigned to them. The Safety Coordinator is IMCA-CAT's primary contact with the APS on environmental, safety, and health issues. Together with the IMCA-CAT Manager and the Principal Investigators, the Safety Coordinator will assess the potential hazards associated with performing experiments of a proprietary nature and decide what courses of action are necessary to carry out the experimental work.
• Administrator
  The IMCA-CAT Administrator is responsible for maintaining public records related to safety and environmental protection. The Administrator also executes purchase orders for safety and protective equipment requested by authorized IMCA-CAT personnel. The Administrator assists the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator by providing notification of all purchase requests for either safety-related or potentially hazardous equipment or hazardous materials.
• Chemical Safety Coordinator
  The IMCA-CAT Chemical Safety Coordinator is IMCA-CAT's Chemical Hygiene Officer, and as such is responsible for assisting in identifying and implementing proper controls for the hazards associated with chemicals, gases, and nonbiological samples. In particular, the Chemical Safety Coordinator participates in all inspections of chemical storage areas to help ensure that all safety-related equipment stocked by the IMCA-CAT is appropriate for its intended uses. The Chemical Safety Coordinator is responsible for IMCA-CAT's compliance with all mandatory APS requirements regarding the labeling and tracking of all chemicals, gases, and nonbiological samples in IMCA-CAT spaces at the APS. (See Section 3.1 and IMCA-CAT Guidelines for the Management of Chemicals.) The Chemical Safety Coordinator will also track and log all purchases, use, and disposal of uranyl and thorium compounds in IMCA-CAT facilities. The Chemical Safety Coordinator also takes steps to ensure that all wastes, particularly chemical wastes, are disposed of in accordance with APS requirements. (See IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Management of Hazardous Waste.). This role will be assumed by the IMCA-CAT Safety Technician (see below).
• Biosafety Coordinator
  The IMCA-CAT Biosafety Coordinator is responsible for ensuring that the designs of any special areas for handling biological samples satisfy the specifications set forth in the CDC-NIH publication Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 3rd edition, May 1993). The Biosafety Coordinator also assists in formulating, implementing, and administering all sample-handling procedures, tracks all biological samples that are stored or being used in IMCA-CAT's spaces at the APS, and ensures safe disposal of those samples that are no longer in use. In particular, the Biosafety Coordinator will ensure that samples and reagents brought into the IMCA-CAT facilities are appropriate to a laboratory designated for a "BL1" level of containment, and that samples requiring a higher level of containment are excluded from the IMCA-CAT facilities. Additionally, the Biosafety Coordinator determines how biological or biologically active materials are to be stored, conducts daily inspections of the storage areas, and conducts more thorough monthly inspections that document the areas that were inspected, the inspection dates, and any findings and actions taken. Each month, the Biosafety Coordinator verifies that the Biological Sample Log accurately lists the samples on hand and informs the IMCA-CAT Administrator of inventory changes. This role will be assumed by the staff macromolecular crystallographer.
• Electrical Safety Coordinator
  The Electrical Safety Coordinator is responsible for ensuring that all IMCA-CAT personnel adhere to safe electrical design criteria and work practices. (See Section 3.2 and IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Electrical Safety Work Practices.) To carry out these responsibilities, the Electrical Safety Coordinator:
  • Reviews proposed experiments to verify that adequate safeguards will be in place to control electrical hazards;
  • Inspects electrical equipment to be used during experiments and temporary electrical installations to verify adherence to electrical safety design criteria;
  • Verifies compliance with ANL lockout and tagout procedures when these are required to control hazardous electrical energy;
  • Reviews and approves the procedures IMCA-CAT personnel are to follow when working hot (electrically)-- that is, working on or near electrically energized components that have a potential of 50 volts or greater to ground-- and
  • Maintains clear and comprehensive records regarding electrical utilities, grounding diagrams, signal cables, etc., for all of IMCA-CAT's facilities at the APS.
• Sealed Radioactive Source Custodian
  One member of the IMCA-CAT staff will have the responsibility of being the source custodian. As custodian, the Safety Coordinator will ensure that ANL and APS requirements for inventorying, storage, and use of sealed sources are met. This individual will have received appropriate Argonne ES&H training for management of sealed sources.(See Section 3.3 and IMCA-CAT Guidelines for the Management of Sealed Radioactive Calibration Sources.)
• Safety Captains
  IMCA-CAT Safety Captains report to the IMCA-CAT Manager and are responsible for maintaining safe, neat, and orderly operations in the laboratories at IMCA-CAT's sector. Safety Captains will be the Principal Investigators arriving from the IMCA member companies to perform experimental work, or IMCA-CAT staff members performing their own experiments. As such their names, APS office/laboratory phone and beeper numbers and current responsibilities will be posted in a prominent place. Ordinarily when the laboratory safety captain is from an IMCA company, he or she will carry a temporary pager. Their responsibilities are listed below:
  • General Safety Responsibilities
    1. Ensure that all reasonable precautions are taken to minimize the safety, health, and environmental risks associated with activities being performed in the laboratory spaces.
    2. With the assistance of the IMCA-CAT Safety Technician, maintain an adequate inventory of personal protective equipment, as specified in the Laboratory Information Binder, for both visitors and IMCA-CAT personnel. (See IMCA CAT Guidelines for LOM Laboratory Information Binders.)
    3. Order an immediate halt to any activity that creates an imminent danger to life, health, or the environment. Where appropriate, the Laboratory Safety Captain will also order the actions needed to abate the hazardous conditions resulting from the activity. Once a safe work environment has been reestablished, the Safety Captain will report the incident to the IMCA-CAT Manager and Safety Coordinator. If neither is present, the incident will be reported to the responsible party's supervisor or escort. In the absence of all these individuals, the report will be made to the IMCA-CAT Director.
    4. Quickly address the action item lists issued by the safety-related committees discussed below or by the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator, and inform the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator when the actions have been completed.
    5. Submit diagrams depicting proposed changes in work-space layouts to the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator for review and approval prior to instituting the changes; and submit diagrams of the final work-space configurations to the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator after the modifications have been made.
    6. Ensure that personnel using the laboratory are properly trained in the use of the laboratory's equipment and facilities.
  • Chemical Laboratory Hazard Control
    The Safety Captain assigned to a chemical laboratory will also assist in identifying proper handling procedures for any chemicals (including compressed gases and cryogenic liquids) and chemical wastes used or produced in the laboratory that are specific to an experiment. The handling procedures for chemicals routinely onsite will be handled by the Safety Technician (see below).
• Safety Technician
  The IMCA-CAT Safety Technician reports to the IMCA-CAT Manager and is responsible for maintaining safe, neat, and orderly operations at IMCA-CAT's beamlines. This includes ensuring that preventive maintenance activities take place on schedule. The Safety Technician, as an agent of the IMCA-CAT Manager, works directly with Principal Investigators and helps them understand and fulfill their safety-related responsibilities. The IMCA-CAT Safety Technician also:
  • Ensures that hazardous conditions created by Principal Investigators are corrected as soon as they are discovered;
  • Ensures that there is an adequate inventory of safety-related supplies and equipment that are appropriate for use at IMCA-CAT's beamlines;
  • Assists with radiation surveys performed by ANL Health Physics personnel;
  • Ensures that IMCA-CAT's radiation survey instruments are in good working order, in calibration and readily available to Principal Investigators;
  • Ensures that area radiation monitors are in good working order;
  • Ensures prompt correction of safety and environmental protection deficiencies associated with beamline operation;
  • Brings issues outside his/her scope of expertise to the attention of the IMCA-CAT Manager or Safety Coordinator;
  • Assists the Principal Investigator in performing shielding inspections and radiation surveys at the start of each experiment; and
  • Supplies the IMCA-CAT Administrator with copies of all safety inspection reports. (See applicable IMCA-CAT Guidelines.)
  • Maintain a list of the hazards found in the laboratory. This responsibility includes maintaining an inventory of the chemicals on hand. (See Section 3.1 and IMCA-CAT Guidelines for the Management of Chemicals.)
  • Ensure that required periodic inspections of safety-related equipment (such as eyewashes) and facilities (such as Satellite Accumulation Areas for hazardous wastes) are performed on schedule. (See IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Inspections.)
  • Assist in identifying the proper handling procedures for the chemicals (including compressed gases and cryogenic liquids) and chemical wastes used or produced in the laboratory on an ongoing basis.
  • Ensure, with the support of the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or Chemical Safety Coordinator, that all safety and protective equipment used in the laboratory are functioning properly and are appropriate for the materials being handled.
  • Track all chemicals, gases, and chemical wastes used or produced in the laboratory.
  • Establish appropriate regions within the chemical laboratory in which small quantities of radiochemicals may be stored and handled.
  • Perform periodic swipe tests of these radiochemical zones.
  • Review the chemical, gas, and chemical waste storage areas at the end of their visit, keeping a log of the areas inspected, the inspection dates, any findings, and any actions taken. (See IMCA-CAT Guidelines on Management of Chemicals, IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Personal Protective Equipment, IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Management of Hazardous Waste, and IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Inspections.)
  • Maintain the Laboratory Information Binder described below. (See IMCA CAT Guidelines for Laboratory Information Binders.)
• Safety Committee
  The IMCA-CAT Safety Committee reports to the IMCA Supervisory Board Chairman, who enlists its rotating members from the Supervisory Board. The IMCA-CAT Director and the Director for the Center for Synchrotron Radiation Research and Instrumentation (CSRRI) are permanent members; the others are IMCA members who serve for 2-year terms that end at different times. The IMCA-CAT Director, in consultation with the IMCA Chairman, may designate additional individuals to serve as temporary committee members because of their special expertise. The Committee is responsible for ES&H policy development and for conducting quarterly ES&H inspections of IMCA-CAT's facilities at the APS using the Quarterly Safety Inspection checklist. (See IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Inspections.) It also reviews proposed experiments that require engineered or procedural safeguards that are not in place at IMCA-CAT's facilities. The IMCA-CAT Safety Committee has the authority to suspend any activity at IMCA-CAT's facilities that fails to comply with ES&H requirements or which significantly deviates from good laboratory practices. The Committee will immediately notify the IMCA-CAT Director and the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator when suspending an activity. If the Committee considers it appropriate, the matter will be treated as an incident requiring investigation, and an additional notice will be sent to the XFD ES&H Coordinator.
• Principal Investigators
  For the purposes of this plan, the term "Principal Investigator" means any IMCA-CAT member, Independent Investigator or other IMCA-CAT-authorized individual who is designing, building, or performing an experiment at an IMCA-CAT beamline. Principal Investigators are responsible for working in a safe, orderly, and ecologically sound manner at their beamline and in its associated LOM spaces. Principal Investigators from the member companies of IMCA will take on the added responsibilities of Safety Captains and are required to provide, in writing to the IMCA-CAT Manager, an honest assessment of the hazards associated with experiments that are planned. The document will be kept confidential in a log book accessible by the CAT Director and CAT Safety Coordinator and in case of an incident, the APS ES&H Coordinator. Principal Investigators, whether or not they are employees or agents of IMCA member companies, must report hazards associated with their experiments to IMCA-CAT management in accordance with the APS Experiment Safety Review procedure. They must also comply with IMCA-CAT-issued safety requirements and take the steps needed to ensure that all individuals who could be exposed to hazards as a result of the Principal Investigator's activities have the knowledge, opportunity, and equipment required to control the hazards. The Principal Investigator is required to follow acceptable laboratory practices to avoid causing experimental interference with other parties sharing the laboratory facilities. Principal Investigators are accountable to the IMCA-CAT Manager regarding their safety responsibilities.
• Visitors
  The term "visitors" includes scientists, engineers, vendors, students, etc., who have been invited by IMCA-CAT personnel to spend time at IMCA-CAT facilities but are not Principal Investigators. All visitors who will spend more than five (5) working days at the APS during a calendar year or who will do hands-on work during a shorter visit and possibly become exposed to work-related hazards should consult with the IMCA-CAT Manager and the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator to determine whether they need safety training beyond the standard APS User Orientation. The IMCA-CAT Manager and the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator will follow the practices set forth in Chapter 17-1 of the ANL ESH Manual to determine how to provide for the safety of contractors, service personnel, and vendors. IMCA-CAT will also document the hazards associated with the various areas it occupies and provide the information to all who could come into contact with those hazards. IMCA-CAT personnel who escort visitors in IMCA-CAT-controlled areas have the following responsibilities:
  • Remain with the visitor whenever the visitor is in a controlled area, including every chemical laboratory and radiologically controlled area;
  • Ensure that the visitor does not inadvertently trigger an emergency;
  • Warn the visitor of hazards in IMCA-CAT-controlled spaces and describe required precautions;
  • Make sure that the visitor uses all appropriate personal protective equipment and complies with dosimetry requirements;
  • Accompany the visitor to "safe ground" during any emergency situation; and
  • Ensure that the visitor's emergency medical needs are met as soon as possible.

Hazard Evaluations

IMCA-CAT will take a graded approach in evaluating the hazards associated with all of the activities to be performed in the spaces it occupies. That is, evaluations will become more comprehensive as the likely severity of a mishap increases or the complexity of the process increases.

• Installation, Support, and Maintenance Activities
  IMCA-CAT has identified, at a generic level, the various activities IMCA-CAT personnel will routinely undertake during the development and maintenance of IMCA-CAT's facilities and while supporting IMCA-CAT's research activities at the APS. IMCA-CAT has also identified the hazards it believes to be associated with these activities and the hazard control measures that will reduce the associated risks to acceptable levels. Chapter 3 of this plan summarizes this information. IMCA-CAT will continue evaluating hazards and selecting controls for these types of activities through staff meetings and consultation of records of our own experiences. (See Section 3.4).
• Experimental Activities
  IMCA-CAT has designed its APS facilities to safely accommodate a variety of research and development activities. To supplement this generic level of design, IMCA-CAT will obtain sufficient information about the experimental work planned in its sector to determine if its existing facilities and procedures allow the work to be done safely. IMCA-CAT will evaluate the hazards associated with the experimental activities and select appropriate controls. If this evaluation indicates that an experiment cannot be performed safely with existing controls, the IMCA-CAT Safety Committee will follow the Experiment Safety Review guidance provided by the APS to determine what additional controls are necessary. In some instances, it will be recommended that the work be performed at another beamline specifically designed to handle more serious risks. IMCA-CAT will also identify the types of information and training needed by the experimenters to satisfy APS safety requirements and put engineered and procedural controls to best use. If the existing controls appear sufficient, the experiments will be approved contingent on the successful completion of any training the experimenters are required to take. Only after the IMCA-CAT Safety Committee has granted approval will an experimenter be authorized to work at the APS.

Orientation and Training

IMCA-CAT will require its personnel to complete the APS User Orientation provided by the APS and the complementary IMCA-CAT-administered Sector Orientation. (See IMCA-CAT Guidelines on the IMCA-CAT Sector Orientation.) IMCA-CAT and the APS will jointly establish additional training requirements for individuals as necessary.

• Identifying Training Needs
  IMCA-CAT intends to take full advantage of the capabilities of the APS User Training Management System, administered by the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator. IMCA-CAT line management may also specify training requirements for IMCA-CAT personnel based on other criteria.
• Exemptions to Training
  Exemptions from some required training normally provided by the APS or IMCA-CAT may be granted based on an individual's prior education and experience combined, in some cases, with the results of an examination.
• Training Records
  IMCA-CAT will use the APS User Training Management System to keep track of the training given to each individual, whether that training was provided by the APS, IMCA-CAT, or another entity. The IMCA-CAT Safety Administrator will maintain these records.

Compliance with Regulations

IMCA-CAT will comply with all applicable regulations of:

• The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),
• The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and
• The U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT).

APS Guidance Documents and Reviews

IMCA-CAT will adhere to all APS safety-related specifications for the design of IMCA-CAT's facilities and equipment--for example, those found in ANL/APS/TB-14, APS Beamline Design and Construction Requirements. The CAT will follow a graded approach in documenting its efforts to characterize hazards and select hazard controls. In accordance with APS design review procedures, IMCA-CAT will:

• Make appropriate documents available to the APS,
• Consider all comments offered by the APS, and
• Implement required design changes.

IMCA-CAT understands that the APS will continually issue and revise procedures relevant to IMCA-CAT's management of environmental, safety, and health concerns. IMCA-CAT will incorporate such procedures into its safety program as they become available.

Organizational Communications

• The IMCA-CAT World-Wide Web site will serve as a primary vehicle for communicating the importance the CAT attaches to safety issues. Messages on the website will also be used to report changes in the IMCA-CAT's Safety Plan. The safety messages on the website will be reviewed weekly and updated as needed.
• CAT Staff meetings
  During the installation and operations phases of this CAT, those who are supervising IMCA-CAT sector development, or their designees, will hold at least two meetings per month to discuss the technical issues associated with current installation activities. At each meeting, the moderator will ask if anyone present has any safety concerns that require discussion or further investigation. As appropriate, the resulting discussion--including lessons learned and actions planned--will be documented and reported to the the IMCA-CAT Manager and the XFD ES&H Coordinator. In addition, when discussing upcoming activities, the moderator will review the summary portion of the installation safety plan that applies to the activity.
• Copies of Safety Plan
  A written copy of this safety plan will be maintained by the IMCA-CAT Administrator and will be made available to each IMCA-CAT member. IMCA-CAT will also make this document available via the World Wide Web. It can be found by accessing http://www.csrri.iit.edu/IMCA/safety.html from a Web server.
• Laboratory Information Binders
  A Laboratory Information Binder is located at the entrance to the IMCA-CAT chemistry laboratory and summarizes the hazards and controls associated with operations performed in that laboratory. (See IMCA-CAT Guidelines on Laboratory Information Binders).
• Electronic Communication
  All significant safety issues that arise during construction and operation of the IMCA-CAT facilities will be described in electronic mail distributed to all affected CAT staff and IMCA company scientists. Further, safety issues of general interest to the CAT will be posted on the World Wide Web as described above.

Employee Involvement

IMCA-CAT encourages responsible input from its members and other users regarding safety concerns that have yet to be effectively addressed. IMCA CAT personnel at every level will be represented on the IMCA-CAT Safety Committee. Anyone who feels a safety concern has not been dealt with appropriately should inform the IMCA-CAT Director, IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator, XFD ES&H Coordinator, or XFD Director.

Managing Configuration Changes

Before making any change that could affect the performance of an existing engineered hazard control, IMCA-CAT will review and approve the planned change. The purpose of this review is to determine whether additional engineered controls, procedures, training, or information needs to be provided. IMCA CAT will then record the changes and, as appropriate, post warnings to alert personnel who could be affected. Similar requirements apply to changes in the distribution of utilities (electricity, pipes, fluids, and ventilation), the installation of temporary experimental facilities and equipment, and the startup of previously unreviewed systems and activities that could introduce new hazards. Changes will be described in electronic mail messages from a CAT staff member to all affected CAT staff and to at least one representative from each of the IMCA member companies. IMCA-CAT will discuss these changes at staff meetings and will consult our own records in formulating such changes. It is IMCA-CAT's policy that no shielding or personnel safety system installed by the APS or included in an APS-approved configuration shall be modified, removed, or disabled and that no equipment, system, or apparatus shall be operated outside of its designed safety parameters without a formal review by the applicable XFD safety committees and the written approval of the XFD Associate Division Director for Operations.

Chemical Hygiene Plan

IMCA-CAT has developed a Chemical Hygiene Plan (see IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Laboratory Information Binders) to satisfy APS and OSHA requirements, in accordance with the guidelines established by Chapter 4-2 of the ANL ESH Manual. (A copy of Chapter 4-2 is available from the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator and is available on the World Wide Web.)

Hazard Communication Program

IMCA-CAT has woven elements of its hazard communication program throughout this ES&H plan. IMCA-CAT believes that these elements address all OSHA and APS requirements.

Program Evaluations

• Self-Surveillance (See IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Inspections.)
  • Informal Observations by IMCA-CAT Personnel
    All IMCA-CAT personnel have the responsibility to notify the IMCA-CAT Director or Safety Coordinator of hazardous conditions and observed unsafe actions.
  • Periodic Inspections
    Principal Investigators and Safety Captains will inspect all active work areas at least once each week. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator will participate in these weekly inspections; findings should be entered into the IMCA-CAT Safety Action Item Listing. (See "Records" paragraph below.)
  • Safety Committee Inspections
    The IMCA-CAT Safety Committee will conduct quarterly ES&H inspections of all IMCA-CAT facilities located at the APS. Typically this inspection will precede by one month the inspection performed by the Inter-CAT Safety Oversight Committee, so that any straightforward issues identified in the CAT Safety Committee inspection can be corrected prior to the visit by the Inter-CAT Committee. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator should include individuals with special expertise as temporary members of the committee on an as-needed basis. A report of each safety inspection will be submitted to the IMCA-CAT Director. After the Director approves the report, it will be filed with the IMCA-CAT Administrator, who will send a copy to each IMCA Supervisory Board member and to the XFD ES&H Coordinator. The Administrator will also format the inspection report for export into an electronic database maintained by the XFD ES&H Coordinator. If during the course of an inspection, the IMCA-CAT Safety Committee observes any activity at IMCA-CAT's facilities that violates ES&H regulations or acceptable laboratory practices, it may order an immediate suspension of the activity. Notice of the suspension will be communicated immediately to the IMCA-CAT Director, and an ES&H Incident Report will be given to the IMCA-CAT Manager, IMCA-CAT Administrator, and XFD ES&H Coordinator. The suspension will remain in effect until compliance is reestablished or a review of the issue by the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator confirms that proper guidelines are being met.
  • Records
    IMCA-CAT will record the results of inspections, and the IMCA-CAT Safety Administrator will maintain files of these results. It will communicate the results to the APS via electronic mail or written memoranda. The APS and IMCA-CAT will be able to use these records to track findings that require corrective actions until all the associated hazards have been abated.
  • Annual Self-Appraisal
    The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator will prepare an annual written self-appraisal for the IMCA-CAT Director at the end of each calendar year. The report will be written at a summary level and will address the IMCA-CAT's performance in each of the major areas covered in this plan--for example, "Accidents and Incidents," "Orientation and Training," etc. In addition, the Safety Coordinator should report any significant changes that were made to the ES&H plan during the course of the year and recommend actions to address outstanding deficiencies. After review by the IMCA-CAT Safety Committee, the report will be forwarded to the IMCA-CAT Director, who will direct appropriate changes in IMCA-CAT safety procedures.
• XFD and APS Oversight
  IMCA-CAT will fully cooperate with the oversight activities of the XFD ES&H Coordinator, other APS safety personnel, and APS User Safety Committees. The CAT understands that APS Floor Coordinators and the XFD ES&H Coordinator will remain watchful for possible safety problems. IMCA-CAT members will deal candidly with these individuals and will make every effort to address their concerns promptly. Wherever possible, IMCA-CAT staff members will maintain the confidential nature of proprietary samples, consistent with the need on the part of the CAT and the APS to be aware of and to handle safety concerns.

Accidents and Incidents

If an unplanned event occurs which has adverse or potentially adverse effects, IMCA-CAT will investigate it as described in the IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Accident Investigations, and will implement the corrective actions needed to ensure that similar accidents or incidents do not occur in the future. IMCA-CAT recognizes that the APS requires prompt notification of some types of incidents. The IMCA-CAT Manager will be responsible for this notification.

HAZARD EVALUATION AND CONTROL

Chemical Hazards

• Hazard Categories
  The construction, operation, and maintenance of IMCA-CAT's facilities and the conduct of experiments there involve the use of numerous substances that pose hazards. Those hazards can occur during or result from:
  • Transportation,
  • Receiving and distribution,
  • Storage,
  • Usage (including chemical reactions), and
  • Disposal.

  
  The types of hazards posed by the chemicals used at IMCA-CAT's facilities include:

  • Toxicity,
  • Incompatibility
    (reactivity with other chemicals within IMCA-CAT's facilities),
  • Strong oxidizing potential,
  • Thermal stress,
  • Explosivity,
  • Corrosivity,
  • Flammability,
  • Radioactivity, and
  • Undesirable environmental impact when not properly controlled.

  
  The chemicals themselves can be categorized as:

  • Mineral acids--e.g., nitric acid, sulfuric acid;
  • Organic acids--e.g., acetic acid;
  • Compressed gases--e.g., air, nitrogen;
  • Bases--e.g., sodium hydroxide;
  • Cryogenic liquids--e.g., liquid nitrogen;
  • Radiochemicals--e.g., uranyl salts.

  
  These chemicals will be used for:

  • Cleaning parts,
  • Providing thermal stability, and
  • Preparing samples.
• Hazard Controls
  IMCA-CAT will control chemical hazards in its facilities by using the facilities and systems described below and in IMCA-CAT Guidelines for the Management of Chemicals.
  • APS Chemical Management System
    The APS Chemical Management System, which provides a means of inventorying containers of hazardous chemicals, will be used to record the location and ownership of supplies used in operations and maintenance activities, including reagent containers and compressed gas cylinders. It will not be used to inventory experimental samples.
  • Pre-Purchase Reviews
    The IMCA-CAT Pre-purchase Review System affords a means of ensuring that required engineered and procedural controls are in place before a new chemical arrives at IMCA-CAT's facilities. It also alerts the CAT to arrange for personnel training and required support services.
  • Experiment Safety Reviews
    IMCA-CAT Experiment Safety Reviews afford a means of ensuring that required engineered and procedural controls will be in place before a new chemical arrives at IMCA-CAT's facilities. It also alerts IMCA-CAT to the possibility that a researcher plans to bring in a chemical that is already available on site.
  • Engineered Controls
    IMCA-CAT's chemistry laboratory will be equipped with a standard laboratory fume hood, chemical storage cabinets, a drench shower and eyewash, and chemical spill kits appropriate for the chemicals to be handled in the laboratory.
  • Hazard Communication
    • Labeling and MSDSs
      IMCA-CAT will comply with the requirements set forth in the ANL ESH Manual.
    • Hazardous Chemicals List
      IMCA-CAT will maintain a current list of hazardous chemicals on hand using the capabilities of the APS Chemical Management System.
    • Samples Brought in by Users
      It is the policy of the IMCA-CAT that users of its facility will be allowed to bring samples to the APS themselves. Such transport of samples will be subject to the following requirements:
      • Transport of the samples from the user's home laboratory to the entrance of Argonne National Laboratory and within the laboratory will be performed according to appropriate Department of Transportation regulations. Samples shall be double-contained for transport unless single containment is (a) allowed by DOT and DOE regulations and (b) deemed appropriate, in advance, by the IMCA-CAT Manager.
      • Transport of the samples within the Argonne facilities will be performed according to appropriate Department of Energy regulations.
      • Each user will fill out an IMCA-CAT Experimental Sample form upon arrival or shortly thereafter. These forms will be examined by the CAT Director or the Safety Coordinator and maintained in the IMCA-CAT Sample Inventory Logbook. As outlined above, this logbook will be kept confidential. Only the CAT Director and the CAT Safety Coordinator will ordinarily have access to this logbook; the APS ES&H Coordinator will be granted access to the logbook on a need-to-know basis.
      • Any change in the chemical or physical state of the sample will be noted in the Sample Inventory Notebook as it occurs.
      • Upon completion of the experiment the sample will be repackaged and removed from the APS site by the user. Removal will be noted in the Sample Inventory Notebook by the IMCA-CAT Manager or his designate.
    • Training
      General hazard communication topics will be covered in documents provided to all incoming users by the APS and in the orientations conducted by IMCA CAT and the APS User Office. Chemical-specific training for resident IMCA CAT personnel will be provided by IMCA-CAT. Such training includes details obtained from the appropriate MSDSs and other sources. Chemical-specific training for nonresident IMCA-CAT personnel will be the responsibility of their home institutions.
    • Chemical Hygiene Plan
      The IMCA-CAT Chemical Hygiene Plan (see Section 2.9) consists of a set of chemical hazard-control measures appropriate to each laboratory environment. The plan's policies, controls, and procedures are responsive to requirements found in Title 29 CFR 1910.1450, Occupational Exposure to Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories. The Chemical Hygiene Plan for the IMCA-CAT Chemistry Laboratory is located in that laboratory's Laboratory Information Binder. (See IMCA CAT Guidelines for LOM Laboratory Information Binders.)
    • Chemical Waste Disposal
      The IMCA-CAT will dispose of all hazardous chemical wastes generated in the IMCA-CAT sector as described in the IMCA-CAT Guidelines for the Management of Hazardous Waste).

Electrical Hazards

• Hazard Categories
  The construction, operation, and maintenance of IMCA-CAT's facilities and the conduct of experiments at those facilities involve the use of electrically powered devices. The use and maintenance of these devices pose hazards resulting from:
  • Inadequate power distribution,
  • Poor equipment design,
  • Poor work practices, and
  • Inadequate records and configuration control.
• Hazard Controls
  • Power Distribution
    Since the National Electrical Code does not permit the use of extension cords during experimental operations, IMCA-CAT has planned for an adequate number of well-placed electrical power outlets along its beamlines and in other areas it controls. Approval by either the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or Electrical Safety Coordinator is required prior to any use of extension cords, only APS-approved cords may be used; and it is to be understood that the extension cords are intended for temporary use only.
  • Design Criteria
    All electrical systems and equipment installed either permanently or temporarily at IMCA-CAT's facilities at the APS will meet applicable specifications set forth in the latest edition of the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70), the OSHA electrical safety standards (Title 29 CFR, Part 1910, Subpart S) and the ANL ESH Manual, unless the deviations have been reviewed and approved by the APS. IMCA-CAT will consider commercially available electrical and electronic equipment approved by nationally recognized testing laboratories as acceptable for use at the APS if the equipment is installed and used as intended by the manufacturer. Commercially available equipment that is modified before installation must meet the specifications, or undergo the APS review, noted above. IMCA-CAT will decide, on a case-by-case basis, whether to allow usage of equipment manufactured in accordance with foreign standards or approved by foreign testing organizations. IMCA-CAT advises users to prepare documentation that describes the design of the equipment and any modification made to adapt it for use at the APS. In questionable situations, IMCA-CAT will seek the concurrence of the APS.
  • Configuration Management
    IMCA-CAT will maintain drawings and specifications that describe the current configuration of electrically energized equipment and electrical power distribution at its beamlines. Such records will identify the amount of current drawn by each component and the electrical circuit supplying power to each component. The records will also identify equipment that is not grounded. Historical records may or may not be maintained, at IMCA-CAT's discretion.
  • Experiment Safety Reviews and Equipment Inspections
    As part of the Experiment Safety Review process, IMCA-CAT will review all electrical equipment to be used in experiments in its sector. IMCA-CAT will make reasonable efforts to verify that such equipment has been constructed in accordance with the design standards referenced in the "Design Criteria" paragraph above. At a minimum, IMCA-CAT will inspect the equipment before it is electrically energized at the APS. The experimenter will be expected to provide, upon request, design documentation that answers questions that cannot be answered by visual inspection. Where appropriate, IMCA-CAT may require the experimenter to demonstrate the safety of the equipment through testing. Where appropriate, IMCA-CAT will inspect electrical equipment again after installation on the beamline to ensure that installation has not compromised the integrity of either the equipment or any pre-existing beamline safeguards.
• Required Work Practices
  IMCA-CAT and its personnel will:
  • Maintain up-to-date drawings and instructions for the operation, maintenance, and testing of electrical equipment and ensure that they are readily available to those who need them;
  • Provide appropriate barriers, shields, and warnings if experimental operations preclude grounding the electrical or electronic equipment; and
  • Comply with APS requirements for isolating energy sources using lockout and tagout procedures and the requirements for working hot (electrically). For detailed procedures, see IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Electrical Safety Work Practices.
  • Lockout/Tagout Procedures
    IMCA-CAT supervisors and Principal Investigators will evaluate all planned work to determine whether lockout/tagout procedures are needed to control hazardous electrical energy sources. Where a need exists, the supervisor or Principal Investigator will inform the personnel at risk to use the APS lockout/tagout procedures described in IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Electrical Safety Work Practices, which are derived from Chapter 7-1 of the ANL ESH Manual. Ordinarily, lockout/tagouts will be performed only in consultation with APS Floor Coordinators or the APS ES&H Coordinator.
  • Working Hot
    IMCA-CAT supervisors and Principal Investigators will evaluate all planned work to determine whether a need exists to work on or near live components having a potential of 50 volts or greater to ground. Where a need exists, the supervisor or Principal Investigator will inform the personnel at risk to follow the APS Working Hot (Electrically) Procedure described in IMCA CAT Guidelines for Electrical Safety Work Practices, which is derived from Chapter 9-1 of the ANL ESH Manual. IMCA-CAT will develop written procedures covering exempted work, i.e., routinely performed electrical or electronic testing and research and development activities.
  • Personal Protective Equipment
    IMCA-CAT will provide appropriate personal protective equipment as described in IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Electrical Safety Work Practices.

Ionizing Radiation

• Hazard Categories
  IMCA-CAT activities may expose persons and the environment to the following hazards associated with ionizing radiation:
  • Ozone production,
  • Prompt synchrotron radiation,
  • Prompt radiation from sealed radioactive sources,
  • Contamination (leakage from sealed sources),
  • Dispersible radionuclides, and
  • Transportation of radionuclides.
• Hazard Controls
  • Ozone Abatement
    IMCA-CAT will abate the production of ozone, so far as is practical, by discouraging the use of experimental setups that require an x-ray beam to pass through air. Where the beam must pass through air, IMCA-CAT will assess and control ozone exposures by following the guidance provided by the APS. IMCA-CAT will limit ozone exposures by using local or general exhaust systems in experimental stations where ozone is generated. All ventilation systems will incorporate air cleaning devices. At the time of this writing, any system that exhausts the air into an occupied space requires APS approval. (Note: The APS is seeking ozone removal solutions that would mitigate this requirement.)
  • Training
    IMCA-CAT personnel will comply with the training requirements set forth in the U.S. Department of Energy's Radiological Control Manual. IMCA-CAT will rely on the APS User Training Management System to determine the level of training an individual requires. IMCA-CAT personnel who have received equivalent "core" training at other U.S. Department of Energy facilities will still receive the APS-specific portions of the APS-administered radiological safety training. IMCA-CAT personnel will also comply with the radiological safety training requirements set forth in Chapter 5-14 of the ANL ESH Manual.
  • Shielding and the APS Personnel Safety System (PSS)
    IMCA-CAT will comply with the shielding specifications issued by the APS and will verify the effectiveness of the shielding by using survey meters. Where calculations or a survey indicates the need for additional shielding, supplementary shielding will be installed and managed in accordance with APS guidelines. It is the policy of IMCA-CAT that no shielding or personnel safety system installed by the APS or included in an APS-approved configuration shall be modified, removed, or disabled and that no equipment, system, or apparatus shall be operated outside of its designed safety parameters without a formal review by the applicable XFD safety committees and the written approval of the XFD Associate Division Director for Operations.
  • Time and Distance
    In keeping with the ALARA principle, IMCA-CAT will encourage those working in the APS experiment hall to keep their exposures to a minimum by remaining in radiologically controlled areas only as long as absolutely necessary.
  • Dosimetry
    IMCA-CAT personnel will participate in the radiological dosimetry program managed by the ANL ESH Division and will follow the procedures issued by the APS.
  • Monitoring Instruments
    IMCA-CAT will store and operate radiological survey instruments only after APS review and approval. The CAT will only use survey instruments whose reliability is maintained, in part, by participating in the calibration and maintenance program administered by ANL ESH-Health Physics personnel.
  • Radioactive Source Control
    IMCA-CAT will participate in the APS Sealed Source Inventory Program by following relevant procedures issued by the APS. IMCA-CAT will also take steps to ensure that persons planning to move radioactive materials to the APS are aware of relevant U.S. Department of Transportation requirements. Users of IMCA-CAT facilities must have prior approval from IMCA-CAT to bring in or use dispersible radionuclides or other radiochemicals in quantities larger than those specified in table 02-3 in Chapter 5-2 of the Argonne ESH Manual, and must adhere to all requirements specified by IMCA-CAT for their transport and use. IMCA-CAT will implement an x-ray laboratory safety program that follows the guidance provided by the APS.
  • ANL and APS Support Programs
    IMCA-CAT will make full use of APS and ANL programs that contribute to the control of radiological hazards. These programs include:
    • U.S. Department of Energy-accredited personal dosimetry,
    • Survey instrument calibration and maintenance,
    • Radiological training,
    • Transportation safety, and
    • The Sealed Source Inventory Database.

Installation and Maintenance Activities

The IMCA-CAT hazard evaluation and control effort with respect to installation and maintenance activities is based on the following concepts:

• IMCA-CAT line management is responsible for planning and implementing the hazard controls required to ensure safe construction, modification, and maintenance of the IMCA-CAT beamlines and support facilities.
• When necessary, line management will involve in the planning effort those IMCA-CAT members and nonmember support personnel who are best qualified to anticipate the hazards that will be present during the installation and maintenance activities.
• Because preliminary hazard evaluation efforts have indicated that installation and maintenance activities will pose a relatively small number of hazards, the IMCA-CAT staff will begin its evaluation of installation and maintenance activities by examining:
  • specific provisions within this safety plan;
  • the CAT's own experience with the relevant activity; or
  • through consultations with the APS ES&H staff.
• Any necessary precautions thus identified will be recorded in writing.
• Additional hazard controls will be implemented, and hazard evaluation and control documentation will be promptly revised, to address unanticipated hazards encountered during the installation activities. Outside contractors must assess the hazards associated with their work and submit a document to the contract manager that identifies the hazards and planned controls. (See Chapter 17-1 in the ANL ESH Manual and the ANL Manual of Construction.) IMCA-CAT will generally accept as sufficient any plans developed by contractors that have been reviewed and approved by the ANL ESH Division.
• Hazard Categories
  IMCA-CAT has identified the following installation, modification, and maintenance activities as sources of hazards:
  • Hand and portable-power tool usage;
  • Hoisting and rigging and other material handling;
  • Work from elevated surfaces;
  • Work posing pressure-related hazards;
  • Work with hazardous materials, including cryogenic liquids and compressed gases;
  • Hot work (fire hazards);
  • Work on or near electrically energized components; and
  • Exposure to ionizing radiation.
• Hazard Controls
  Hazard controls will be maintained through the APS's approval of commissioning activities and through identification of key personnel.
  • Approval of commissioning activities.
    The APS has established an approval mechanism for all significant commissioning activities on APS beamlines. IMCA-CAT will comply with this mechanism and will seek APS advice in controlling hazards associated with activities outside the scope of the formal beamline commissioning approval system. Beamline commissioning activities must be approved by the APS, and the approval must be posted by APS Floor Coordinators prior to and during the activities.
  • Key Personnel
    The IMCA-CAT Manager has the primary responsibility for collecting the information needed to characterize hazards and select controls. However, the Manager may delegate this responsibility to other personnel who have the expertise to effectively carry out the planning effort. As stated above, the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator will review all safety plans and strive to resolve any disagreements with the planners. If the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator is unavailable or is directly involved in a disagreement, the IMCA-CAT Director should resolve the disagreement with assistance of an ES&H professional, if needed.
• Training
  IMCA-CAT will manage the training needs identified via the safety review process either by arranging for the training through the APS or by conducting the training itself.
• Required Certifications
  Some tasks, such as waste certification and some hoisting and rigging operations, may be performed at the APS only by an individual having ANL certification for the task. IMCA-CAT will comply with APS-issued guidance for such activities. (See IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Hoisting and Rigging Operations and IMCA-CAT Guidelines for the Management of Hazardous Waste.)
• Hand Tool and Portable Power Tool Usage
  IMCA-CAT recognizes that the misuse of hand tools and portable power tools is a source of injury even for experienced workers. For this reason, IMCA CAT will require training of all members who are likely to use such tools routinely at the APS. (See IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Hand Tool and Portable Power Tool Usage.)
• Activities Requiring Safe Work Permits
  As appropriate, IMCA-CAT personnel will obtain the following safe work permits before undertaking the corresponding activity:
  • Working Hot (Electrically)
    This type of permit is required prior to work involving potentially injurious electrical circuits. IMCA-CAT will also follow relevant guidance provided by the APS. Chapter 9-1 of the ANL ESH Manual provides more detailed information, including a description of exempted activities. Also see IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Electrical Safety Work Practices.
  • Open Flame and Spark-Producing Operations
    This type of permit is required prior to any open flame or spark-producing activities. Chapter 11-4 of the ANL ESH Manual provides more detailed information.
  • Fire Protection System Impairment
    This type of permit is required prior to any planned impairment of the fire protection system or any component thereof. Chapter 11-5 of the ANL ESH Manual describes the mechanism for obtaining a permit.
  • Radiation Work
    This type of permit is required prior to any radiation work satisfying one or both of the following criteria:
    • The job is not frequently done or has never been done before.
    • The radiological conditions are unknown and are likely to pose a significant hazard.

    Chapter 5-4 of the ANL ESH Manual provides more detailed information.

• Safety Equipment
  • Material Handling Equipment
    IMCA-CAT members will use material handling devices to aid in the movement and positioning of heavy or awkward equipment and materials. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator will review requisitions for such equipment to ensure that the requisition specifies compliance with relevant ASME B-30 Series standards. (See IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Hoisting and Rigging Operations.)
  • Fall Protection
    The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator must approve every fall-protection device used at the APS. As a rule, new purchases of such devices require the Safety Coordinator's signature, and previously purchased items require inspection prior to their initial use at the APS. Devices must satisfy the requirements in Chapter 12-1 of the ANL ESH Manual. IMCA-CAT will ensure that persons receive training before they use fall-protection devices.
• Work Area Demarcation, Warnings, and Controls
  The supervisor of each installation or maintenance activity will ensure that the boundaries of the work area are marked whenever appropriate and that adequate warnings are in place. (See IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Work Area Demarcation, Warnings, and Controls.)

Commissioning Activities

IMCA-CAT will comply with all APS policies and procedures related to the preparation for and verification of beamline commissioning readiness. IMCA CAT has reviewed the APS document covering commissioning readiness (Advanced Photon Source Experimental Beamline Commissioning Readiness Process) and understands its own role in planning some commissioning activities. IMCA CAT believes that it will be able to effectively control anticipated commissioning hazards using the processes set forth in the APS document. If IMCA-CAT becomes aware of any hazard not covered by the APS plans, it will immediately inform the XFD Associate Director for Operations and the XFD ES&H Coordinator.

Experiment Safety

Most hazards associated with the preparation and conduct of IMCA-CAT experiments at the APS have been addressed under the topical hazard evaluations listed above. IMCA-CAT will follow the experiment safety review guidance issued by the APS to ensure that sufficient controls are in place before experimental work begins. No beamline experiment will begin until the Experimental Safety Approval Form (ESAF) has been signed by the responsible CAT staff member and the form has been posted by an APS Floor Coordinator in the locked cabinet provided for the purpose. Ordinarily the CAT Safety Coordinator and the CAT Director will evaluate ESAFs, but for routine crystallographic studies the CAT professional staff members responsible for user support will be permitted to evaluate the ESAFs. In general the staff should receive the ESAF at least four working days prior to the beginning of the experiment, to provide them with time to analyze the details of the experiment and, if necessary, seek help from outside sources in the evaluation. In the special case of experiments involving crystals pre-soaked in volatile heavy-atom reagents, the minimum evaluation time should be four weeks (see IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Sample Handling).

User LOM Shop Operations

Full details of the safety procedures associated with the use of the LOM Shop are found in the Building 435 LOM Shop Safety Plan, which has been submitted jointly by the four CATs in Building 435 and approved by the APS.

• Hazard Categories
  Common machine shop hazards can result in eye injuries, cuts, amputations, contusions, fractures, and other injuries; respiratory problems; and skin disease.
• Hazard Controls
  IMCA-CAT will reduce risks through usage of the following controls:
  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
    IMCA-CAT expects all personnel and visitors to wear safety glasses with side shields at all times while in the User LOM Shop. In addition, IMCA CAT expects machine shop users to comply with all other posted PPE requirements while working with machinery.
  • Training and Authorization
    A person may use the User LOM Shop after demonstrating the appropriate skills and obtaining authorization from the User LOM Shop Coordinator or alternate. When necessary, some level of orientation will be provided to those requiring use of a machine.
  • Equipment Purchase Reviews
    New machines for the User LOM Shop will not be ordered without review and approval of the requisition by the User LOM Shop Coordinator and the APS. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator will ensure that required power transmission and point-of-operation guarding is specified in the order.
  • Guarding
    IMCA-CAT personnel will be instructed not to modify or circumvent machine guarding, including point-of-operation guarding, on any machine in the User LOM Shop, including machines owned by IMCA-CAT. IMCA-CAT personnel will report troublesome guards to the User LOM Shop Coordinator, APS Floor Coordinator, or IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator. IMCA-CAT will consult with the APS Floor Coordinator when attempting to resolve the problem.
  • Postings
    Machine-specific requirements for User LOM Shop equipment will be listed on a nearby posting. IMCA-CAT personnel are expected to satisfy all such requirements. The posting will also list the names of those authorized to use each machine and contact information for individuals who wish to gain authorization to use a machine.

Office Safety

• Hazard Categories
  The most significant hazards present in IMCA-CAT's office spaces are:
  • Ergonomic stresses,
  • Housekeeping,
  • Electrical safety hazards, and
  • Fire hazards.
• Hazard Controls
  • Repetitive-Stress Awareness
    IMCA-CAT will informally provide its personnel with information about the potential problems associated with the use of computer keyboards and the measures that can be taken to reduce the risk of repetitive-stress injuries.
  • Housekeeping
    IMCA-CAT will advise all personnel of the need to maintain an orderly office environment with clear paths of egress.
  • Electrical Safety Guidance
    IMCA-CAT will plan the distribution of electrical power in its office spaces to minimize the need for extension cords. If an extension cord must be used, it will be selected and located in accordance with the IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Electrical Safety Work Practices.
  • Fire Hazard Safeguards
    IMCA-CAT will ensure that heat-producing appliances are kept away from combustible materials. It will also screen requisitions for heat-producing equipment that might be used in offices, to ensure that the equipment incorporates appropriate safeguards.

SAFETY GUIDANCE, PRACTICES, & PROCEDURES

Listing of Assignments for Key IMCA-CAT Safety Personnel




Title	Name	Phone No.	E-mail Address
IMCA Chairman	Bill Stallings	314-737-7236	wcstal@ccmail.monsanto.com
Director / Manager	Andy Howard	630-252-0534	ahoward@metis.imca.aps.anl.gov
Safety Coordinator	John Chrzas	630-252-0522	john@metis.imca.aps.anl.gov
Administrator	Virginia Brown	630-252-0520	vbrown@metis.imca.aps.anl.gov
Chem. Safety	Lisa Keefe	630-252-0544	lkeefe@anl.gov
Biosafety	Lisa Keefe	630-252-0544	lkeefe@anl.gov
Electrical Safety	Bill Lavender	630-252-0523	lavender@metis.imca.aps.anl.gov
Safety Captains	On-site IMCA Investigators
Principal Investigators	On-site IMCA Investigators
Safety Technician	(currently vacant)
CSRRI Director	Tim Morrison	312-567-3381	morrison@iit.edu
ES&H Committee Chair	Brian McKeever	732-594-6157	mckeever@merck.com
ES&H Committee Member	J.Ronald Rubin	734-622-3298	rubinj@aa.wl.com
Safety Committee	William Stallings, Brian McKeever, Ron Rubin, Andy Howard, Dean Chapman

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IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Hand Tool and Portable Power Tool Usage

• Introduction
  IMCA-CAT recognizes that the misuse and improper maintenance of hand tools and portable power tools cause a significant number of injuries even to "experienced" workers. Consequently, IMCA-CAT has adopted the following policies and procedures to minimize the hazards associated with the use of such equipment at the APS. These guidelines apply to all use of hand tools and portable power tools by IMCA-CAT personnel while performing maintenance or installation activities at the APS. Although IMCA-CAT feels that most of the guidelines also apply to tool usage during experimental activities, IMCA-CAT will not require that short-term users complete the training described below.
• Using Tools Safely
  • If you have not had formal training in the use of common tools, either view the video Hand Power Tool Safety, which is available from the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator, or attend ANL ESH Course #141. IMCA-CAT supervisors or other capable persons designated by supervisors will also demonstrate correct tool usage during on-the-job training. [APS can provide additional information adaptable to most training needs for air-powered tools.]
  • Plan each job well in advance and ensure that the proper tools are available; give consideration to special tools that would provide for greater efficiency and safety.
  • Use proper personal protective equipment.
  • Store tools in appropriate storage facilities when not in use.
  • Inspect all portable power tools upon receipt and at least semi-annually thereafter using the criteria given in Table 1. If a tool is defective, remove it from service immediately and repair or discard it. If it passes the inspection and tests, label it with the inspection date [as indicated in Table 2 ] [with commercially available foil labels designed for this purpose].
  • Never use a tool that has an out-of-date inspection code without first inspecting it as indicated in Table 1.
  • Power tools must be either three-wire grounded or double-insulated and listed by Underwriters' Laboratories or another recognized listing agency.
  • Always plug cord-connected, hand-held electric tools into GFCI-protected receptacles.
  • Portable electric tools used in the vicinity of sinks and wet environments must comply with the grounding requirements of Title 29 CFR Part 1910, Subpart S, and they must be powered from a GFCI-protected circuit.

TABLE 1. Power Tool Inspection/Testing Criteria and Inspection Frequency


	Inspection Frequency
Criteria for Removing a Tool from Service	Before and During Use	Semi-Annual Testing and Inspection
Cracking, chafing, wear, or other signs of faulty power cord insulation	X	X
Evidence of faulty grounding conductor	X	X
Excessive resistance between tool case and ground connector prong	X
Cracked plug or receptacle housing	X	X
Bent or missing plug or connector prongs	X	X
Dead front plug, receptacle, or connector	X	X
Missing, bent, or otherwise abused switch	X	X
Improperly functioning trigger lock on switch	X	X
Out-of-date semi-annual inspection tape (tag)	X	X
Signs of overheating or excessive sparking	X	X
Insulation resistance (get meter from XFD ES&H Coordinator)	X
Dull, chipped, or broken blades	X	X
Malfunctioning guards	X	X

TABLE 2. Color Code Schedule for Portable Power Tools, Indicating Date of Most Recent Inspection and Test

Months	Year	Tape Color
January through June	1997	Black
July through December	1997	Blue
January through June	1998	Red
July through December	1998	Green
January through June	1999	Orange
July through December	1999	White

References
The primary references for this set of guidelines are the 10th Edition of the National Safety Council's Accident Prevention Manual and the ANL ESH Manual.

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IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Personal Protective Equipment

• Introduction
  IMCA-CAT recognizes that improper selection or misuse of personal protective equipment (PPE) can have severe consequences. Consequently, the CAT has adopted the following policies and procedures to ensure the proper selection and use of such equipment by IMCA-CAT personnel working at the APS.
• Roles & Responsibilities
  • The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or designee shall review and approve PPE as indicated below.
  • Supervisors and Principal Investigators shall plan each job well in advance, giving adequate consideration to selecting PPE that would provide for greater safety and efficiency. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator will then review the selection(s).
  • Supervisors, Principal Investigators, and Safety Captains shall ensure that appropriate PPE is available when needed.
  • Supervisors, Principal Investigators, and Safety Captains shall not assume that IMCA-CAT personnel initially know how to select or safely use PPE. Instead, they shall provide for all necessary instruction and guidance.
  • Supervisors and Principal Investigators shall enforce the use of proper PPE.
  • Supervisors and Principal Investigators shall routinely observe IMCA CAT personnel's use of PPE to ensure that the equipment is being used correctly. They shall also periodically look for signs of abuse or misuse.
  • Supervisors, Principal Investigators, and Safety Captains shall establish a means of periodically verifying that reusable PPE remains in good condition and that defective PPE is immediately removed from service.
  • Supervisors and Principal Investigators shall ensure that required storage facilities are available where needed and that members properly store PPE that is not in use.
  • Members shall be instructed to restrict their use of PPE to what has been approved for the member's intended application.
  • As appropriate, members shall inspect PPE and refrain from using equipment that fails to pass the inspection.
• PPE Approvals
  Because the limitations of various types of PPE are not commonly understood, all personal protective equipment must be approved for its intended use by the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or designee. Moreover, the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator's review and approval is required for any purchase of personal protective equipment, unless the PPE is being purchased to replace depleted stock and the replacement is intended for a previously reviewed and approved use. In the event the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator is unavailable, a knowledgeable supervisor may approve the use of PPE after consultation with the XFD ES&H Coordinator or ANL ESH Division.
• Guidance on Common Types of Personal Protective Equipment
  • Safety Eyewear
    IMCA-CAT personnel will wear appropriate protective eyewear that meets the requirements of the ANSI Standard Z87.1 whenever they are in areas, or performing activities, that pose a danger of eye injury. Plano (noncorrective) safety glasses, face shields, and chemical splash goggles can be obtained from the APS stockroom. All IMCA-CAT personnel should specify safety glasses that have side shields. Contact the APS ES&H Coordinator for guidance on obtaining prescription safety glasses. Personnel who already have safety glasses should seek verification from the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or XFD ES&H Coordinator that their eyewear satisfies all requirements. Currently the circumstances under which IMCA-CAT personnel will require safety eyewear are:
    • any time they are in the IMCA-CAT chemistry laboratory or chill room;
    • any time they are in the building 435 user shop;
    • in any work involving open containers of cryogenic fluids;
    • in filling or dispensing from pressurized Dewars of cryogenic fluids.
  • Safety Footwear
    In posted areas and when activities present a moderate or greater risk of foot injury, IMCA-CAT personnel should wear safety footwear that meets the requirements of ANSI Standard Z41.
  • Head Protection
    IMCA-CAT members working with high-voltage equipment, in construction areas, or in other areas where there is a danger of head injury from falling or propelled objects must wear hard hats (safety helmets) that satisfy the requirements of the ANSI Z89.1 or Z89.2 standards. Hard hats are available from the APS stockroom, and IMCA-CAT maintains a supply in its electronics laboratory.
  • Hearing Protection
    IMCA-CAT members who wish to use hearing protection equipment should consult with the XFD ES&H Coordinator. The equipment is available from the APS stockroom.
  • Reference
    The primary reference for this set of guidelines is Chapter 12-1 of the ANL ESH Manual.

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IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Work Area Demarcation, Warnings, and Controls

• Introduction
  By means of the practices described below, IMCA-CAT hopes to reduce risks resulting from persons inadvertently entering a hazardous work area.
• Creating an Exclusion Zone
  When performing work that could put others at risk, you must demarcate an exclusion zone around your work. This is typically done with yellow and black plastic `barricade tape.' Use signs, placards, and other postings as necessary to warn others not to enter the demarcated area unless they have business in the area and have authorization (blanket or occasion-specific) to enter. Where appropriate, post special requirements for entry.
• Entering an exclusion zone
  Do not enter unless you meet all of the following conditions:
  • You have business in the area;
  • You have authorization to enter; and
  • You are in compliance with all posted requirements for entry.
• Warning signs
  • Caution--Eye Protection Required signs shall be posted at the entry to all areas where the potential for eye injury exists, such as laboratories, shops, and beamline radiation enclosures.
  • Caution--Hard Hat Required signs shall be posted at the entry to all areas where the potential for head injury exists, such as where installation work is being performed overhead or where persons might bump their heads on low-hanging objects.
  • Caution--Foot Protection Required signs shall be posted at the entry to all areas where there is a moderate-or-greater likelihood of suffering a foot injury caused by a falling or rolling object.
  • A HOT sign shall be posted during bakeouts of vacuum equipment and while hot plates and heating mantles are in use.
  • A standard Radioactive sign shall be posted in areas where active work on radiochemicals (in quantities larger than are specified in table 02-3 of chapter 5-2 of the ES&H Manual) is underway.

  These hazard and warning signs and others can be ordered by the IMCA CAT Administrator and may be available on loan from the APS Floor Coordinator.

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IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Electrical Safety Work Practices

• Purpose
  This document provides basic safety guidance for beamline personnel who are constructing, installing, testing, repairing, or modifying electrical equipment in APS laboratories and on the experiment hall floor. This guidance has been adopted from the documents listed under References. These references should be consulted for situations that are not covered in this document and when a more detailed examination of the regulations is needed to ensure full compliance. The IMCA-CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator shall be considered as the authority for interpreting the applicable codes and regulations.
• General Work Practices
  • Introduction
    Both IMCA-CAT and the APS strongly emphasize electrical safety awareness. Low-level alternating current can be extremely dangerous if the path of the current is through the heart. This can cause ventricular fibrillation, which may quickly lead to death. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can save some victims if applied immediately. CPR training is available from the ANL Fire Department; biennial recertification is required.
  • Precautions
    • Always use safety glasses with plastic frames as the minimum eye protection when fabricating or maintaining electrical equipment.
    • Always remove metallic personal articles (e.g., watches, rings, earrings, necklaces, key chains, or wristbands) before working on electrical or electronic equipment.
    • Never enter a hazard area alone.
    • Never use metal ladders or metal measuring tape where they may come in contact with electrical equipment. Use ladders with fiberglass side rails instead.
    • Report abandoned electrical cables and equipment to your IMCA-CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator.
    • Be alert for stray currents following paths caused by leakage (surface contamination), corona, or the ionizing effect of a flame.
    • When working in any area of high hazard (i.e., high-voltage power supplies, dischargeable capacitors, step-down transformers, complexes of electrical cabling, etc.), always have at least one person present who is trained in emergency-response procedures and has up-to-date certification in CPR.
    • Most importantly, if you observe a potential hazard, report it immediately to your CAT Safety or Electrical Safety Coordinator or APS Floor Coordinator.

    The IMCA-CAT and ANL restrict work on equipment that remains connected to energy sources if workers could contact energized components with a potential of 50 volts or greater to ground. If such work is necessary, strictly follow ANL "working hot" procedures (below). Contact your IMCA-CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator for further information or consult Chapter 9-1 of the ANL ESH Manual.

  • Safe Cord and Cable Usage
    • Never use single-to-multiple outlet converters ("cube taps"). Instead, use power distribution strips with integral power cords, built-in circuit breakers, and built-in surge protection. These are available through the Argonne Materials Ordering System (AMOS) or from the APS Stockroom.
    • Equipment that is not double-insulated must have a three-prong, grounded plug. Plug tools equipped with a three-prong plug into a three-hole electrical receptacle. If you use an adapter to accommodate a two-prong receptacle, the adapter must be attached to a known ground. Never use any equipment containing a three-prong plug with the ground pin removed.
    • Use only IMCA-CAT-issued extension cords. Never run them through walls, windows, or doorways or behind walls, ceilings, or floors, and do not connect extension cords in series.
    • Flexible cords create a tripping hazard when laid across floors. Use cable trays or similar devices to suspend the cords over the work area if possible. Where this is not feasible, mark the area as a work area with appropriate signs and barricades and use cord ducts or place protective runways over the cords.
    • Properly identify electrical cables at least at all points of termination or splicing, to facilitate their eventual removal.
    • Use cable tables and interwiring diagrams to document any electrical wiring that you install.
    • Immediately remove all cables that are no longer in use and update the tables and diagrams accordingly.
  • Portable Electrical Tools
    See IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Hand Tool and Portable Power Tool Usage.
  • De-energizing Electrical Equipment
    De-energize electrical equipment before working on it, except as noted below. Before working on electrical equipment, notify the IMCA-CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator and, as appropriate, IMCA-CAT management that the equipment requires servicing. Upon receiving authorization, de-energize the system using the procedures described below.
    • Plug-and-Cord Connected Equipment
      Many types of electrical equipment may be de-energized by simply unplugging the power cord and maintaining control over the plug. Nevertheless, before beginning work, verify that the equipment has not stored electrical energy. In some equipment, circuits having the potential for storing electrical energy are marked at the points where a grounding stick is to be applied. If this is not the case, check the circuits with an appropriate test instrument (e.g., a voltmeter) to locate sources of stored electrical energy. Drain stored energy with a grounding stick and use the test instrument to verify that the energy has been discharged. Keep the grounding stick connected to the main discharge point while working on the equipment.
    • Hard-Wired Equipment: Lockout/Tagout Procedures
      For electrical equipment that is hard-wired to breaker or disconnect boxes, use the following lockout/tagout procedure to de-energize the circuit and ensure that it will not inadvertently be reactivated during work. Never attempt to start, energize, or use equipment that is locked out of service, and never attempt to defeat a lock or remove a tag without authorization. The ANL-required lockout/tagout procedures are described below; for more information, refer to Chapter 7-1 of the ANL ESH Manual or consult the Electrical Safety Coordinator.

      To lock out and tag out electrical equipment:

      1. Identify all energy sources and control switches or other energy isolating devices that control the supply of energy to the equipment to be locked out.
      2. Notify your CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator, supervisor, and affected personnel about the lockout. This notification can be verbal.
      3. If the equipment is operating, notify the person responsible for the equipment that the equipment is to be shut down and verify that the controls have been left in the "OFF" position.
      4. Disengage all energy sources, and verify with an appropriate test instrument that power has been turned off.
      5. Place a lock on the energy isolating device that controls the energy source (each person working on the equipment must apply a separate lock). Use only approved locks obtained from the lockout/tagout stations throughout the APS site. Register each lock and tag removed from the station in the station logbook and fill out the information required by the lockout tag. Each worker then keeps the key to his or her lock until that lock is removed.
      6. Dissipate all stored energy where possible, and use an appropriate instrument to verify that the energy has been dissipated. (See Section on Plug-and-Cord Connected Equipment.)
      7. Prior to starting work on equipment that has been locked out, all workers should verify collectively that the equipment is isolated and de-energized. (A grounding stick should be kept in place while work continues, as described above.)
      8. If work carries over to the next shift, notify all members of the next shift that the equipment is still under lockout and remove all locks; the members of the next shift must then apply their own locks and tags.
      9. When work is completed, remove the grounding stick and all locks and tags.
  • Performing Work on Electrically Energized Circuits ("Working Hot")
    • Developmental Work or Testing
      Routine electronic and electrical work of a developmental or testing nature may be done while the electrical circuits involved are energized, without a hot work permit or an assigned Safety Watch. However, the work must be performed in accordance with the definitive written procedures and IMCA CAT rules of electrical safety listed below under "Protective Measures."
    • Other Work on Electrically Energized Circuits
      Other than those tasks covered by the section above, work on or near electrically energized components having a potential of 50 volts or greater above ground may be done only after obtaining a Hot Work Permit (Electrical) and designating a Safety Watch. The Electrical Safety Coordinator will specify additional requirements for working hot and will define the applicability of blanket permits. Persons who anticipate a need to work hot while at the APS should discuss their planned activities with the CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator well in advance. Working hot shall be conducted in accordance with the procedures contained in Chapter 9-1 of the ANL ESH Manual. These procedures are summarized below:
      1. A Hot Work Permit (Electrical) must be processed and approved prior to the start of work.
      2. Appoint one person as the Safety Watch. A Safety Watch is responsible for ensuring that all protective devices and procedures are used and that all safety requirements are met. The Safety Watch must have:
         • CPR certification,
         • immediate access to a telephone or radio to call 911 in case of an emergency, and
         • the capability to immediately cut off all power sources.
      3. Obtain proper training and a thorough knowledge of the circuitry involved from a study of the physical system or an up-to-date schematic drawing. Locate and note all de-energizing points and energizing sources.
      4. Use proper protective equipment and only those power sources having adequate fault protection.
      5. Write safe procedures for other than routine tasks.
    • Protective Measures
      1. Insulate yourself from contact with ground potential and energized parts by using insulated tools; linemen's gloves, mats, and sleeves (all inspected and tested); phenolic sheets; dry boards; rubber-soled shoes (no nails); and/or insulative mechanical barriers. Do not depend on the insulation on energized wires for protection; it may have cracks or other defects. All tools used for electrical work must be insulated sufficiently to protect the worker during normal use of the tool. Linemen's gloves must be tested and rated for more than the voltage of the energized parts. Insulative barriers should prevent anyone from falling or leaning into live parts and should also prevent any live parts such as a wire, cable, or bus bar from falling onto people or grounded metal.
      2. Avoid water and dampness.
      3. Ground all noncurrent-carrying parts that may become accidentally energized by a shorting tool or other object in order to prevent shocks to grounded persons.
      4. To protect yourself against the splatter of accidental arcing, wear plastic-framed safety glasses, a long-sleeved, buttoned shirt, and a hard hat.
      5. The Safety Watch must be ready to de-energize all power instantly.
      6. Demarcate the work area to keep nonparticipants from entering.
• References
  • National Electrical Code 1993 (NFPA 70).
  • National Electrical Code Handbook 1993.
  • Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1910, Subpart S.
  • Electrical Surveillance Guide (DOE, Oak Ridge Field Office).
  • DOE Electrical Safety Guideline 1993.
  • ANL ESH Manual.

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IMCA-CAT Guidelines for The Management of Chemicals

• Introduction
  This guideline describes the policies and practices that IMCA-CAT will follow to reduce accidents and control adverse effects that may result from the use of hazardous substances in IMCA-CAT's facilities at the APS. This guideline applies to all chemicals used for IMCA-CAT's installation and maintenance activities and to all chemical reagents used for laboratory purposes. Experimental samples are included only to the extent specified below. While this guideline does provide policies and general guidance, it may not include all precautions that are needed for the safe conduct of certain operations. In general, the Supervisor or Principal Investigator is responsible for obtaining the information and implementing the controls necessary for workers to perform work without endangering themselves, others, or the environment. IMCA-CAT welcomes suggestions for alternatives to the proposed controls.
• Roles & Responsibilities
  
  • Users of Chemicals will:
    • Become familiar with the hazards associated with the chemicals before using them, and
    • Become familiar with the hazard controls for the intended application of the chemicals and verify the proper functioning of such controls before chemical usage begins.
  • Supervisory Personnel (Including Principal Investigators) will:
    • Provide the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or Chemical Safety Coordinator with timely advanced notice of the need to use chemicals;
    • Give the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or Safety Administrator appropriate safety information for each chemical;
    • Become familiar with the hazards associated with the chemicals and ensure that the information is communicated to the persons working with the chemicals; and
    • Become familiar with appropriate hazard controls and ensure that required controls are in place before workers begin using the chemicals.
  • Safety Captains will:
    • Maintain an awareness of the chemical-related activities conducted in the spaces under their control;
    • Periodically verify the proper functioning of the engineered controls and the proper maintenance of storage facilities; and
    • Periodically verify the proper labeling of chemicals stored in their facilities.
  • The Safety Coordinator and Chemical Safety Coordinator will:
    • Review the proposed introduction of new chemicals into IMCA-CAT's facilities to verify that sufficient controls are (or will be) in place to ensure that the chemicals can be used safely, and
    • Review proposed new uses of chemicals that are currently in stock, to verify that sufficient controls are (or will be) in place to ensure that the chemicals can be used safely.
• Controls on the Introduction and Usage of Chemicals
  • Pre-Purchase and Pre-Usage Reviews
    IMCA-CAT personnel wishing to bring new chemicals into the IMCA-CAT facilities at the APS must obtain approval from the IMCA-CAT Chemical Safety Coordinator. Obtaining approval requires, at a minimum, submitting Material Safety Data Sheets for the chemicals. IMCA CAT will also rely on information gleaned from its Experiment Safety Review procedure to alert it to the planned use of hazardous chemicals.
  • Review Criteria
    IMCA-CAT personnel reviewing the proposed new usage of a chemical in the IMCA-CAT facilities will consider the following issues:
    • Availability of suitable storage facilities;
    • Adequacy of existing engineered controls;
    • Adequacy of existing procedures;
    • Waste handling capability and needs;
    • User training.

    Approval will not be given until the reviewer is satisfied that all concerns have been addressed, or can be addressed before the chemical is brought in (or used for a new purpose).

• Hazard Communication
  • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)
    No chemical, except small quantities of experimental samples transported and handled as described in section 3.1, will be allowed to enter the IMCA CAT facilities without a current, manufacturer-provided MSDS. A copy of the MSDS will be obtained by the IMCA-CAT Safety Administrator, who will file it in the CAT MSDS binder near the hallway door of room 435A030. If the XFD ES&H Coordinator requests a specific MSDS, the CAT Safety Administrator will provide it to him.
  • Container Labels
    All containers holding hazardous chemicals in IMCA-CAT's facilities at the APS will be labeled in accordance with OSHA requirements (see References). IMCA-CAT will rely on the veracity, accuracy, and sufficiency of the manufacturer-affixed labels on the original containers. IMCA-CAT personnel shall not remove manufacturer-affixed labels. If IMCA-CAT personnel transfer hazardous chemicals to other containers, those containers shall be labeled, at a minimum, with:
    • The name of the chemical that appears on the original container and the Material Safety Data Sheet; and
    • Appropriate hazard warnings, including known health effects.
      IMCA-CAT permits the use of NFPA 704 labels providing they contain additional text describing health effects and other specific hazard warnings.
• Training
  IMCA-CAT requires all personnel using its facilities to have all the training required by OSHA with regard to the chemicals being used in their work area. Supervisors and Principal Investigators are responsible for providing personnel working under their direction with this information, which includes the following:
  • Methods and observations that may be used to detect the presence or release of a hazardous chemical in the work area;
  • The physical and health hazards of the chemicals in the work area; and
  • The measures that can be taken to protect oneself from these hazards, including specific procedures required by IMCA-CAT, the use of personal protective equipment and engineered controls specified by IMCA-CAT, and appropriate emergency procedures. IMCA-CAT and its personnel may, as is appropriate on a case-by-case basis, use the training capabilities of Argonne National Laboratory and the APS to satisfy chemical-specific training requirements.
• List of Hazardous Chemicals
  Immediately upon the arrival of a chemical in the IMCA-CAT facilities at the APS, responsible IMCA-CAT personnel will complete a copy of the Chemical Container Tracking Form (available from the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator) and give it to the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or designee. One form must be filled out for each container holding a hazardous chemical or, for items not in containers, for each item. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator will review the form, verifying the pre-approval for the introduction and use of the chemical at IMCA-CAT's APS facilities. The form will then go to the IMCA-CAT Administrator, who will forward a copy to the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator for updating of the on-line APS Chemical Management System. The IMCA-CAT Administrator will write in the name of the chemical on the current IMCA-CAT List of Hazardous Chemicals, and file the form. When a chemical container is emptied, the Administrator will retrieve the form corresponding to that container, update the "Quantity on Hand" field, and send another copy of the form to the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator. IMCA-CAT will periodically receive a printout of the updated IMCA-CAT List of Hazardous Chemicals from the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator. IMCA-CAT will not require researchers using the IMCA-CAT facilities to submit the above-mentioned form for each sample to be analyzed in IMCA CAT's APS facilities. Instead, samples will be logged in the IMCA-CAT Sample Inventory Notebook as described above. IMCA CAT expects to stock small quantities of a number of heavy-atom salts and organometallic compounds for use as heavy-atom derivatives for macromolecular crystallography. These compounds will be kept in a limited region of the IMCA-CAT chemistry laboratory under appropriate storage conditions. Some of these compounds may be low-level radiochemicals, viz., unenriched uranyl salts, and will be handled according to DOE and Argonne regulations regarding storage and use of radiochemicals.
• Storage of Chemicals
  Chemicals may be stored in the following places: the chemistry laboratory, room A030; the chill room therein; the flammables cabinet on the experimental floor; and the two experimental hutches. We have APS approval to store specified chemicals in the chill room. Acids and bases are stored in marked cabinets, under the hood in the chemistry lab. The flammables storage cabinet is on the APS experimental floor, just upstream of the CAT storage cage. Large quantities of flammable reagents can be stored here. A list of available chemicals and their location is on the web pages; a hard copy is kept near the hood. A small locking cabinet for Heavy Metals storage and a copy of procedures for their use is near the lab hood.
• Information on Hazardous Chemicals Used in Neighboring Sectors
  IMCA-CAT personnel may request information on chemicals used in neighboring CAT sectors through the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator or from an APS Floor Coordinator.
• Chemical Hygiene Requirements
  IMCA-CAT's Chemical Hygiene Plan, including the laboratory-specific requirements of the plan, is contained in the IMCA-CAT Chemistry Laboratory's Laboratory Information Binder, since that is the location in which the hazardous chemicals are being used. See the IMCA CAT Guidelines on Laboratory Information Binders for additional guidance.
• References
  For more information on the management of hazardous chemicals, see the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, Title 29 CFR 1910.1200, or Chapter 4 of the ANL ESH Manual.

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IMCA-CAT Guidelines for the Transport of Small Quantities of Chemicals

• Introduction
  This guideline describes the policies and practices that IMCA-CAT follows in transporting small quantities of chemicals into and out of the IMCA-CAT facilities at the Advanced Photon Source.

  IMCA-CAT intends to comply fully with the requirements of the Department of Energy and the Department of Transportation in handling of potentially hazardous chemicals, and recognizes its responsibility in providing for safe transport of chemicals in and out of the IMCA-CAT facilities. The Department of Transportation provides for small-quantity exceptions to some of its transportation requirements, and these exceptions have been recognized within the Department of Energy. The small-quantity exceptions are described in 49 CFR 173.4, particularly parts 3, 9, and 10.
  

• Applicability and Scope
  The compounds covered under this small-quantity exception are outlined in this table. This table has been adapted minimally from the APS's own table associated with this type of small-quantity exception. In fall 1998 the Department of Transportation issued a a Letter of Competent Authority relating to transport of these substances by air as well as ground transport, so these regulations apply to air transport as well as ground at this point.

  Table 1.

  Qualifying materials and quantity limits of materials that may be transported to and from the APS by IMCA-CAT Users.

  DOT Class or Division Number	Name of Class or Division	Maximum amount per container (gram solid or mL liquid)
  (Materials the can be transported by IMCA-CAT users in small quantities on the ANL site)
  Class 3	Flammable and combustible liquid	30
  Division 4.1	Flammable solid	30
  Division 4.2,  (PG II and III)	Spontaneous combustible material	30
  Division 4.3,  (PG II and III)	Dangerous when wet material	30
  Division 5.1	Oxidizer	30
  Division 5.2	Organic peroxide	30
  Division 6.1, (PG I)	Poisonous material	1
  Division 6.1, (PG II and III)	Poisonous material	30
  Class 8	Corrosive material	30
  Class 9	Miscellaneous hazardous material	30
  (Materials that cannot be transported by IMCA-CAT users in small quantities on the ANL site)
  Class 1	All divisions of explosives and detonating devices	0
  Class 2	All divisions of flammable gas, non-flammable compressed gas, and poisonous gas	0
  Division 4.2, (PG I)	Spontaneous combustible material	0
  Division 4.3, (PG I)	Dangerous when wet material	0
  Division 6.2	Infectious agents	0
  Division 7	Radioactive material	0

  
  

• Hazard Controls
  • As part of the IMCA-CAT staff's responsibility to maintain safety at the IMCA-CAT facilities, the IMCA-CAT Director and Safety Coordinator will assess any intended transport of chemicals on and off the ANL site to determine whether these small-quantity exceptions apply. If they do not, then the normal ANL regulations regarding transport of larger quantities of hazardous substances will be seen to apply, and the IMCA-CAT staff will see to it that those regulations are followed. In particular, no transport by users of chemicals disallowed in table I above will be permitted, and no users will be permitted to arrange for disallowed substances by common carrier except through Argonne's normal procedures, wherein substances are tracked and managed through ANL's Shipping and Receiving facilities.
  • In addition, as specified in 49 CFR 173.4, paragraph 3, IMCA-CAT will require that any substances that are permitted in Table I be transported with proper enclosure. Specifically, each inner receptacle with a removable closure must have its closure held securely in place with wire, tape, or other positive means.
  • As specified in 49 CFR 173.4, paragraph 9, any package transported under these conditions must not be opened or otherwise altered until it is no longer in commerce.
  • As specified in 49 CFR 173.4, paragraph 10, the shipper of the package transported under these conditions must certify conformance with 49 CFR 173.4 by marking the outside of the package with the statement "This package conforms to 49 CFR 173.4" or, alternatively, until October 1, 2001, with the statement "This package conforms to the conditions and limitations specified in 49 CFR 173.4".
  • IMCA-CAT will take steps to ensure that packages shipped from offsite conform to the conditions above and that they conform to the rules of the institution shipping the package onto the IMCA-CAT facilities.

IMCA-CAT Guideline for the Management of Hazardous Waste

• Introduction
  • Purpose
    The procedures described in this guideline are intended to keep the IMCA CAT's APS operations in compliance with Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) requirements and Argonne National Laboratory policies, and minimize the environmental impact caused by use of the IMCA CAT facilities at the APS.
  • Definitions
    Hazardous waste: any unwanted, nonrecyclable, unsalvageable solid, liquid, or gaseous material that is considered hazardous if released without treatment or control into the environment. A listing of detailed criteria for characterizing materials as hazardous waste is available from the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator.
    Waste generator: the person whose work with a material first caused the material to become a hazardous waste.
    Process knowledge: the waste generator's knowledge of the source, use, handling, and storage of a material, particularly about the potential for radioactive contamination by activation or cross contamination.
    Satellite Accumulation Area: a demarcated area set aside for the temporary storage of hazardous waste at or near the point of generation. Wastes in a Satellite Accumulation Area (SAA) are under the control of the waste generator.
• Applicability & Scope
  This guideline applies to all personnel working at the IMCA-CAT's APS facilities and to materials that are hazardous waste or might reasonably be predicted to become hazardous waste. It does not address radioactive materials.
• Roles & Responsibilities
  • Waste Generators
    • Minimize the volume and toxicity of wastes through advanced planning and control of work methods;
    • Communicate anticipated waste storage requirements to the appropriate Safety Captain or Chemical Safety Coordinator;
    • Manage the handling and documentation of waste so that it can be disposed of by Argonne National Laboratory legally, efficiently, and cost-effectively;
    • Establish process controls capable of ensuring that nonradioactive materials are not activated or contaminated with radioactive materials;
    • Maintain pertinent information about the hazardous waste.
    • Properly label hazardous waste containers, providing the name of the waste generator, the container's contents, and the percentages by volume of each hazardous waste;
    • Properly package and store the container in an approved Satellite Accumulation Area;
    • Advise the Safety Captain if the stored waste requires disposal; and
    • Complete Form EWM-197, the Chemical Waste Disposal Requisition and Certification Form for Chemical Waste. The Safety Captain will provide assistance.
  • Safety Captains
    • Ensure that all hazardous wastes are properly stored and labeled;
    • Periodically inspect SAAs in their laboratories;
    • Assist in the completion of Form EWM-197 (Chemical Waste Disposal Requisition and Certification Form for Chemical Waste); and
    • Arrange for disposal by ANL EMO-Waste Management Operations.
  • Chemical Safety Coordinator
    • Complete Chemical Waste Generator Training and Waste Certification Training;
    • Inform the Sector's APS Floor Coordinator about planned activities that are expected to generate non-routine or large quantities of hazardous wastes;
    • Arrange for required containers for expected hazardous wastes; and
    • Maintain a supply of EWM-197 forms and SAA Inspection Checklists. (These are available from the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator.)
    • Complete Chemical Waste Generator Training (ESH Course #574) and Waste Certification Training (ESH Course #456);
    • Provide guidance on the use of SAAs in laboratories for which they are responsible;
• Waste Hazard Controls
  • Planning
    IMCA-CAT will advise all personnel working at its APS facilities, including all visiting users, of the importance of maintaining process knowledge so that wastes can be certified as required by the ANL Waste Handling Procedures Manual. All visiting users will also be requested to identify to IMCA-CAT the hazardous waste likely to be generated during their stay at the APS. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or Chemical Safety Coordinator will use this information to arrange for the proper handling, storage, and disposal of the wastes. These arrangements include requesting appropriate storage containers from the ANL EMO-Waste Management Operations group. IMCA-CAT staff based at the APS who expect to generate hazardous waste shall complete the ANL Chemical Waste Generator and Waste Certification Training courses. These courses are not currently available on demand, so early planning and registration are important. Details on these courses and schedule information can be obtained through the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator. Visiting researchers and others spending relatively short amounts of time at the APS will follow the guidance in the APS User Safety Guide for the management of hazardous waste.
  • Waste Accumulation Areas
    IMCA-CAT will establish SAAs as needed. Each SAA will be under the control of the waste generator. A description of requirements for SAAs is available from the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator.
  • Waste Logbooks
    Persons responsible for SAAs shall keep a Waste Logbook to document inspection data (including dates, findings, and the identity of the person performing inspections) and additions of wastes to the SAA (including dates, the identities of the materials, approximate amounts, the identities of the containers to which materials are added, and the names of persons making entries).
  • Waste Receptacles
    Waste generators shall use the containers provided by EMO to hold wastes awaiting disposal. The waste generators shall label the containers according to instructions provided by the Chemical Safety Coordinator. Waste receptacles will be kept out of radiologically controlled areas whenever possible. If a container must be placed in a controlled area, the waste generator shall take all steps necessary to prevent radioactive contamination of the waste. Any person who creates unforeseen hazardous waste should immediately contact the Chemical Safety Coordinator who, in turn, will arrange for a container and for the disposal of the waste. Under no circumstances should a person add a waste to any container other than one assigned for the disposal of that waste. Persons who improperly add hazardous waste to any other container are subject, as individuals, not only to IMCA-CAT-imposed sanctions, but possible federal enforcement action and penalties.
  • Waste Certification
    IMCA-CAT personnel will base waste certification on reliable process knowledge. When such knowledge is lacking, the Chemical Safety Coordinator will arrange for analysis of a container's radiological content as specified by ANL EMO, at the waste generator's expense. In those instances where Chemical Waste Disposal Requisitions have been completed by waste generators who have not completed ANL Chemical Waste Generator Training and Waste Certification Training, the Chemical Safety Coordinator, if available, or Safety Coordinator will countersign the form as an indication that he or she believes that the information is accurate.
  • Steps to Follow when Disposing of Hazardous Waste
    1. Before producing a hazardous waste, the generator should consult with the IMCA-CAT Chemical Safety Coordinator reviewing the operation to consider the steps that can be taken to minimize the amount and toxicity of the waste and provide for safe handling and storage.
       For incoming IMCA-CAT personnel, including IMCA company scientists, this dialog should begin before arrival at the APS. Pertinent information should always be included in the experiment safety review submissions.
    2. Waste generators shall place hazardous wastes in receptacles provided by the Chemical Safety Coordinator (who will obtain them through ANL EMO-Waste Management Operations). Prior to the first addition of waste to a container, the generator will label the receptacle as instructed by the Chemical Safety Coordinator. At the time of each addition, the waste generator will document the addition of waste in the Waste Logbook for the SAA. At least once a month, the waste generator will inspect the area as indicated in the SAA Inspection Checklist, which is available from the Chemical Safety Coordinator, and will document the inspection data in the Logbook.
    3. When containers are filled to 75% or more of capacity or upon completion of the activities that generated these wastes, generators will complete Chemical Waste Disposal Requisitions (Form EWM-197), available through the Chemical Safety Coordinator. (Generators who cannot, based on reliable process knowledge, complete Sections A and B of the Certification Form with an assertion that the waste is free of radioactive contamination must notify the Chemical Safety Coordinator. The Chemical Safety Coordinator will make necessary arrangements for analysis through the APS.)
    4. Waste generators or, in the case of visiting researchers, the Chemical Safety Coordinator will contact the APS Floor Coordinator to arrange for required surveys and pick-up by ANL Waste Management Operations.
• Reference

  Waste Handling Procedures Manual, Argonne National Laboratory.

IMCA-CAT Guidelines for The Management of Sealed Radioactive Calibration Sources

• Introduction
  This policy describes the management of low-activity, sealed radioactive calibration sources for use by IMCA-CAT personnel at the APS. The guidelines are based on Chapter 5-20 of the ANL ESH Manual. It should be noted that sources brought on site for periods of less than 60 days are exempt from the provisions of Chapter 5-20.
• Roles & Responsibilities
  1. A qualified member of the IMCA-CAT staff will act as source custodian. The source custodian will maintain a list of authorized users for each source, and will provide the list and updates to the XFD Sealed Source Inventory Database (SSID) Coordinator.
  2. IMCA-CAT will complete a New Source Entry Form (available from the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator) and submit it to the XFD SSID Coordinator as soon as possible after a new source arrives at the APS.
  3. The IMCA-CAT custodian will ensure that the sources are properly labeled, stored, and tested for integrity on a periodic basis as described in Chapter 5-20. The custodian will also be responsible for knowing the location of all sources at all times and will ensure that all necessary records are maintained. The Sealed Source Checkout Record (see attached sample) will be used for that purpose.
  4. To comply with 49 CFR 173, IMCA-CAT will make advance arrangements with the ANL Special Materials Section for the shipment of radioactive sources to the APS site and between buildings on the site. Prior to shipment, Special Materials Section personnel will assign a control number to the shipment and will provide instructions on the proper packaging, labeling, and addressing of the shipment.
• Sealed Source Checkout Record

  Radionuclide	ID #	Checked Out By	Date Checked Out	Temporary Location	Date Returned

IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Hoisting and Rigging Operations

• Introduction
  • Purpose
    This document provides basic guidelines for hoisting and rigging activities conducted by IMCA-CAT personnel working at the APS. These guidelines are designed to reduce the risks associated with these operations and ensure compliance with all applicable standards and laboratory requirements.
  • Scope & Applicability
    The training and user approval requirements defined below apply to all IMCA-CAT personnel working with hoists and cranes at the APS. The equipment acceptance protocol applies to all hoists, cranes, slings, chain, etc., brought to the APS by IMCA-CAT.
  • IMCA-CAT Hoisting & Rigging Experts

    The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator and other IMCA-CAT personnel will satisfy the training and qualification requirements specified by ANL for incidental crane operators. Only IMCA-CAT personnel who have completed such training are authorized to approve operators and make determinations about the suitability and operating condition of hoisting and rigging equipment and perform the other training, evaluation, and oversight functions described below.

• References
  This guidance document is based on the following sources:
  • The American Society of Mechanical Engineers B30 Series standards;
  • The U. S. Department of Energy Hoisting and Rigging Manual;
  • The ANL ESH Manual; and
  • The Argonne National Laboratory-East Hoisting and Rigging Manual.
• Hoisting and Rigging Equipment
  IMCA-CAT personnel who wish to bring hoisting and rigging equipment to the IMCA-CAT sector at the APS shall complete the following procedure before the equipment is put into service. Equipment brought to the APS without following this procedure may not be used at the APS. [If the equipment is being procured by an ANL division and charged to an ANL divisional account rather than another institution's user account, the procurement must be in full compliance with the ANL-E Hoisting and Rigging Manual.]
• Acceptance Procedure
  1. The user ensures that equipment to be brought to the APS has, as appropriate, manufacturer-affixed load ratings, etc.;
  2. The user gives the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator a description of the equipment and its intended use; and
  3. The user provides the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator with a copy of any certification or manufacturer-conducted testing documentation associated with the equipment. If the equipment has not been certified or tested by the manufacturer, the user has it tested or inspected by a recognized crane-testing organization that is approved by the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator, and gives the Safety Coordinator a copy of the resulting documentation. (The original documentation shall be filed in the IMCA-CAT offices at the APS when the equipment is moved to the site.)
  4. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator determines if the equipment is suitable for the intended use;
  5. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator inspects the equipment and documents his or her acceptance (inspection checklists are available from the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator) and files the acceptance document with the certification and testing or inspection reports for the equipment; and
  6. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator notifies the appropriate APS Floor Coordinator of the arrival of the equipment, its intended use, and its location by providing the Floor Coordinator with a copy of the Hoisting Equipment Data Sheet shown in Appendix A.
  7. The APS performs a cursory inspection of the equipment. Note: Passing this inspection does NOT constitute an approval or certification of the equipment by ANL.
  8. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator tags the equipment with the information shown in Appendix B.
• Other Requirements
  • The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or other IMCA-CAT personnel will perform or arrange for the daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly inspections of the equipment as required by the ANL-E Hoisting and Rigging Manual and will document the inspections (inspection checklists are available from the Office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator). Records shall be filed in the IMCA-CAT office and will be made available for inspection by the CAT Safety Coordinator and APS ES&H personnel.
  • The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator shall periodically check logs to insure that the inspections have been performed as required by the ANL-E Hoisting and Rigging Manual.
  • Operator Authorization to Perform Hoisting & Rigging
    If the possibility exists that a proposed lifting operation could affect the APS storage ring or another CAT's sector, the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator will discuss the planned operation with the APS Floor Coordinator or the XFD ES&H Coordinator. If that person agrees that this possibility exists, the APS will arrange for the operation to be done by ANL Plant Facilities and Services personnel. If hoisting and rigging equipment is to be operated by an ANL employee, the operator training and certification must be in full compliance with the ANL-E Hoisting and Rigging Manual.
    In all other cases, the following process is used to authorize individuals to use hoisting equipment in the IMCA-CAT sector:
    1. The prospective operator submits a completed Crane Operator Questionnaire (see Appendix C) to the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator.
    2. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator determines whether the user's training and experience is suitable for the equipment to be used.
    3. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator informs the user of the additional training, if any, needed to use the equipment. As appropriate, the IMCA CAT Safety Coordinator may arrange for training through the XFD Training Management System Representative.
    4. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator provides qualified candidates with an orientation to the hoisting and rigging equipment they need to use and describes the applicable requirements and limitations.
    5. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator logs the name of each qualified candidate and sends a copy of the log to the appropriate APS Floor Coordinator.
• APPENDIX A

  HOISTING EQUIPMENT DATA SHEET

  EQUIPMENT TYPE: ___________________________________________ MANUFACTURER:
    ___________________________________________ MODEL#_____________ SERIAL#__________
    LOAD RATING: ___________________________________________ EQUIPMENT I.D.:
    ___________________________________________ INTENDED USE: ___________________________________________
    LOCATION OF EQUIPMENT CERTIFICATION/TESTING DATA: ___________________________________________
    

• APPENDIX B

  HOISTING EQUIPMENT IDENTIFICATION TAG
  

  TYPE: ______________________________________________ I.D. # ______________________________________________
    DATE OF ARRIVAL AT THE APS: ______________________________ SAFETY Coordinator:
    (SIGNATURE AND DATE) ______________________ APS FLOOR COORDINATOR: (SIGNATURE
    AND DATE) ______________________ DATE IN SERVICE: ______________________________
    NEXT INSPECTION DATE: ______________________________ 

• APPENDIX C

  CRANE OPERATOR QUESTIONNAIRE
  

  Date ____________________ Operator ___________________________
    CAT __________________ Telephone __________________________ Supervisor
    _________________________ Briefly describe the type/s of lifting device/s
    to be used and the expected weightloads. Lifting Device Weight Load _______________________________
    _______________ _______________________________ _______________ _______________________________
    _______________ _______________________________ _______________ 

  Operator training/experience operating a crane or other lifting device:

  Date/Description of Training:

  ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________
    ______________________________________________________ 

  I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, I have normal depth perception, field of vision, reaction time, manual dexterity, and coordination, and do not have a detectable or known disease or physical malfunction that would render me incapable of safe operation or rigging duties.

  __________________________________ Candidate's signature 

IMCA-CAT Guidelines for the IMCA CAT Sector Orientation

• Introduction
  The orientation described in this guideline is designed to provide the basic information needed by new users to make safe and effective use of IMCA-CAT's facilities at the APS. IMCA-CAT will also give appropriate parts of this orientation to visitors who are not expected to do hands-on work in IMCA-CAT's facilities.
• Contents of the Orientation
  • Part 1: APS Requirements
    IMCA-CAT will ensure that prospective visitors are aware that they must:
    1. Register with the APS User Office and receive an appropriate safety orientation upon arrival and
    2. Never enter a controlled area unescorted.

    
    IMCA-CAT will inform prospective users that they must:

    • Contact the APS User Office prior to arrival for guidance on registration;
    • Complete the APS User Orientation and radiation safety training required by ANL and the APS before a permanent film badge is issued;
    • Describe probable activities at the APS, complete any additional safety training that IMCA-CAT or the APS specifies for those activities, and comply with hazard control measures specified by IMCA-CAT;
    • Complete sector-specific training as outlined below (IMCA-CAT will provide this training); and
    • Identify on the Experiment Safety Review Form all chemicals, gases, and samples to be used in experiments at the APS.
  • Part 2: IMCA-CAT Safety Policies and Resources
    The CAT member covering the safety policies and resources portion of the sector orientation shall:
    • Give the user an orientation to the Environmental, Safety, & Health Plan of the IMCA-CAT;
    • Call attention to the section entitled `General Policies' and point out that, as stated there, this manual is intended to supplement the analogous documents of ANL, APS, and the IMCA-CAT member institutions;
    • Emphasize that the safety first principle is the primary tenet for performing any job, task, or experiment at IMCA-CAT's facilities, and that the success of the IMCA-CAT safety and environmental protection effort depends on the commitment of all IMCA-CAT personnel;
    • Introduce the user to the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator, the Safety Technician and the IMCA-CAT Manager; and emphasize the importance of bringing all safety and environmental problems and concerns to their attention.
  • Part 3: General Safety Information
    The IMCA-CAT member covering this portion of the sector orientation shall review the following topics:
    • Locations of safety equipment (fire extinguisher, shower, eyewash station, stocks of personal protective equipment, etc.);
    • Location of safety documentation;
    • Location of emergency phone numbers;
    • Responding to alarms and other warnings;
    • Use of safety glasses and other personal protective equipment;
    • Restrictions on working alone;
    • The importance of keeping work areas neat and orderly, and the aisles free of obstructions;
    • Proper storage of chemicals and gas cylinders;
    • Proper storage of other items (e.g., objects may not be stored on top of cabinets); and
    • Securing electrical power strips.
  • Part 4: IMCA-CAT Beamline Safety Practices
    The IMCA-CAT member covering this portion of the sector orientation shall:
    • Explain the APS Shielding Configuration Policy;
    • Point out the locations of the utility shutoffs for water and compressed gases;
    • Discuss the use of radiation survey meters; and
    • Explain the general and beamline-specific operation of the PSS, including:
      1. The APS policy that no one is allowed in the First Optics Enclosures (FOEs) or the Experimental Stations (ESs) when the beam is on or when the interlocks are enabled,
      2. Use of the Beamline Padlock Checkout List,
      3. Use of the Beamline Safety Checkout List,
      4. The inspection and interlock procedures used at the beamline,
      5. The safety interlock system and fail-safes,
      6. The locations of the Emergency Beam Dump switches in the FOEs and ESs, and
      7. The locations of the electrical circuit breakers and main breakers for the beamline.

    
    IMCA-CAT trainers will also provide the user with additional formal and on-the-job training that is specific to the IMCA-CAT beamlines, instruments, and facilities that the user will be using.

  • Documentation
    IMCA-CAT will document each person's attendance at the sector orientation by recording the name of the attendee, the date(s) of the training, and the signature of the person who conducted the training. Training records will be kept on file by the IMCA-CAT Administrator.
  • Sector Orientation Guide
    Below is the IMCA-CAT Sector Orientation Guide, which is used by the CAT trainers in the training they carry out. The CAT will invite each user to read this document prior to Sector Orientation so that they are prepared for the presentation. The exact form of this Guide will evolve slowly over time, as procedures and regulations change.

Name (first, last) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . User Number IMCA-CAT . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sector 17

SECTOR ORIENTATION RECORD

Safety policies and resources. Instructor: ______________ Date: _________

• Affirmation and clarification of the safety first principle.
• Orientation to the CAT's environmental, safety, and health plan.
• Explanation of the CAT's general policies pertaining to control of hazards.
• Introduction to the CAT Safety Coordinator, the Beamline Safety Technician, and the CAT Manager and an affirmation of the importance of bringing all safety and environmental problems and concerns to their attention.
• Emergency phone numbers

General safety information. Instructor: ______________ Date: _________

• Response to alarms and other warnings
• Restrictions on working alone
• The importance of keeping work areas neat and orderly, and the aisles free of obstructions
• Restrictions on and proper use of electrical power strips and extension cords
• Procedure for obtaining and using liquid nitrogen (safety eyewear, shields and gloves)
• Location of fire extinguishers (beamline floor, into 435 hall)
• Locations of the utility shutoffs for electricity, breaker boxes (air and water shutoff valves are in hutches)
• Location and requirements for the use of safety eyewear and other protective equipment (shower, eyewash station, etc.)
• Storage of chemicals, heavy atoms, compressed gases, and ice
• Disposal of waste, including hazardous waste
• Location of safety documentation (including MSDSs' and relevant procedures)
• Storage of other items (e.g., objects may not be stored on top of cabinets, no food or drinks in Chemistry Lab)
• Rules regarding food
• Orientation to tornado shelter areas and floor coordinator office

Beamline Safety Information. Instructor: ______________ Date: _________

• Explanation of the use of radiation survey meters
• Usage of radioactive check sources
• Handling sharp objects
• Orientation to the CAT's implementation of the APS Shielding Configuration Policy
• General and beamline-specific operation of the Personnel Safety Systems

  
  

  ---

  
  

Safety policies and resources:

• Affirmation and clarification of the safety first principle:
  In IMCA-CAT we affirm that we regard the safety of the experimenter and others at the APS to be of central importance. No experiment or operation will be permitted on the floor if it poses a significant safety risk. The CAT safety review process has been instituted to minimize the likelihood of anyone (users, staff, independent investigators, or our neighbors on the ring) being exposed to hazards.
  
• Orientation to the CAT's environmental, safety, and health plan:
  IMCA-CAT's environmental, safety, and health information is contained in its Safety Plan, available on the World-Wide Web. A previous version of this document has been accepted as authoritative by the appropriate committee at the APS and may be regarded as the safety document regulating IMCA-CAT operations.
  
• Explanation of the CAT's general policies pertaining to control of hazards:
  The CAT's fundamental policies are:
  1. Each individual working in the IMCA-CAT facilities is responsible for maintaining a safe work environment for him or herself and for those nearby.
  2. We will ensure that no one will ever be inside a closed radiation enclosure.
  3. Each person working in the facilities will be aware of the procedures required for maintaining a safe environment and will know who is responsible for specific aspects of safety maintenance and enforcement.

  The CAT Safety Plan spells these policies out in some detail.
  

• Safety Officials.
  The CAT officers in charge of safety are named and their duties defined in the CAT Safety Plan. They include:
  1. The CAT Safety Coordinator is Dr. John Chrzas, Associate Director for IMCA-CAT. His office is APS 435A001, e-mail john@metis.imca.aps.anl.gov. He is responsible for day-to-day maintenance of safe conditions on the beamlines and in the laboratories.
  2. The CAT Safety Technician position is currently vacant. Once IMCA-CAT hires an appropriately trained technical person this position will be again filled. In the meantime the maintaining and modifying the safety features of beamlines and the laboratories will be handled by Drs. Chrzas, Fait, and Keefe (see below).
  3. The CAT Manager is Dr. Andrew Howard, CAT Director. His office is APS 435A001, email ahoward@metis.imca.aps.anl.gov. He develops CAT safety policies and sees to it that they are enforced by the Safety Coordinator and others.
  4. The CAT Electrical Safety Coordinator is Dr. William Lavender, CAT Controls Scientist. His office is APS 435A002, email lavender@metis.imca.aps.anl.gov. He is responsible for maintaining electrical safety.
  5. The CAT Radioactive Source Custodian is Dr. James Fait, CAT Beamline Scientist. His office is APS 435A005, email fait@anl.gov. He is responsible for conducting any experiments or calibrations involving radioactive check sources in the CAT.
  6. The CAT Safety Administrator is Ms. Virginia Brown, CAT Administrative Associate. Her office is APS 435A003, email vbrown@metis.imca.aps.anl.gov. She maintains safety records, including APS safety directives and MSDSs for the CAT.

  Any safety matter should be brought to the attention of one of the above people. Dr. Chrzas is the recipient of choice for most safety issues. Implementation can be brought to his attention, and overall safety policy is primarily Dr. Howard's responsibility.
  

• Emergency phone numbers:
  The on-site emergency number is 911 and can be reached from any laboratory telephone or pay phone. You should call 911 in any medical, fire, or safety emergency. CAT staff members should be notified afterward. The
  home, APS office, and pager numbers for the staff are as follows:

  Name		title		home phone		APS office		pager
  John Chrzas		Associate Director		708-579-0336		630-252-0522		312-902-9789
  Andy Howard		CAT Director		773-202-5030		630-252-0534		312-902-9816
  Bill Lavender		Controls Scientist		630-985-4514		630-252-0523		312-902-9756
  Jim Fait		Beamline Scientist		815-407-1279		630-252-0525		312-902-9793
  Lisa Keefe		User Support Scientist		630-904-9574		630-252-0544		312-204-3740

General Safety Information

• Responses to alarms and other warnings:
  There are several types of alarms on-site: outdoor sirens, the public address system warning tone, and building alarms. Be familiar with each type. You may listen to a tape recording of various types of alarms by calling 23342 from an Argonne telephone. Sirens and the public address system warning tone are tested the first Tuesday of each month at 10:00 am. If you hear the 20-second tone on the public address system, listen for important instructions that will follow. If you miss the message, find out what it was from a co-worker. If you hear the outdoor sirens, seek shelter. Be familiar with alarms within your building and know what action you are expected to take. Fire alarm bells and lights are found in two places, in the office area of the LOM and on the beamlines. Always move away from the area of the alarm. In the APS facilities the fire alarms generally apply on a building-by-building basis, e.g. an alarm trip in our area will set off the alarms in all of building 435 (435A through 435E), and will result in evacuation of that building. The APS floor is a separate fire-alarm zone. A copy of the APS memo detailing the various alarms and appropriate responses is posted on each safety board (located on the beamline hutches), in each IMCA lab, and on the IMCA bulletin board, on the wall opposite the door to the IMCA chem lab.
  
• Restrictions on working alone:
  Certain types of electrical and shop work should be performed only when someone else is present. Consult the CAT safety plan and the LOM shop safety plan for these limitations If you do plan to work alone late at night (while the ring is operational) you should alert the on-duty floor coordinator.
  
• The importance of keeping work areas neat and orderly, and the aisles free of obstructions:
  An uncluttered work area is safer than a cluttered work area. Don't leave unnecessary personal items lying around in the experimental work areas, in the hutches, or in the LOM offices. Be particularly respectful of subsequent users as you are leaving; they won't want to wade through your clutter in order to operate. The two areas where it is especially important to keep aisles clear are 1) on the experimental floor and 2) in the IMCA-CAT chemistry laboratory. On the floor, yellow tape delineates the equipment-free zones for passage between experimental stations. In the chemistry laboratory, the aisles are rather narrow. We cannot afford for them to become even narrower owing to equipment in the aisles or hanging over the benches.
  
• Restrictions on and proper use of electrical power strips and extension cords:
  Power strips and extension cords should be used on a temporary basis only.
  The CAT has already obtained several extension cords and power strips that are certified for use. Use those or obtain additional ones from the APS stockroom. Do not bring power strips or extension cords from offsite.
  
• Procedure for obtaining and using liquid nitrogen:
  Liquid nitrogen dewars for the insertion-device monochromator cryosystem and the experimental cryocoolers are filled by the APS, from fill stations in the truck lock, just beyond sector 20. Liquid nitrogen for laboratory use, may be obtained from the large 'not in use' liquid nitrogen dewar in the fill area, located between beamline floor workstations. Users will be responsible for personal use of the liquid nitrogen in the beamline work area or in the lab. Argonne requires persons filling liquid nitrogen dewars to wear long (non-cuffed) pants and leather (non laced) footwear, along with glasses, face shield and gloves. Safety glasses, shield and cryo-gloves are provided for your use when filling smaller dewars or containers from the large dewar. IMCA-CAT staff can train users and certify them as qualified for unassisted use of the large dewars, at the users' request. Safety issues related to handling of liquid nitrogen are discussed in the Argonne ES&H manual as well.
  
• Location of fire extinguishers:
  There are fire extinguishers on every third column along the outside perimeter of the storage ring, including columns 113 and 116 near the IMCA-CAT beamlines. There are fire extinguishers at each end of the Laboratory and Office Module complex for IMCA-CAT, just outside the main doors.
  
• Locations of the utility shutoffs for electricity, water, compressed gases, gas cylinders and ice:
  Circuit breaker boxes are found in each experimental enclosure. There is a pair of breaker boxes in each laboratory; the one in 435A020 covers one half of the Laboratory and Office Module, and the one in 435A030 covers the other half. The chill room breaker is in the central electrical control room (435C004). There are master shutoff switches on the outside inboard walls of both experimental enclosures and in the cabinet in the corridor down the center of the LOM. Air is the only compressed gas found in any of the IMCA-CAT facilities, apart from gas cylinders. Water and gas valves can be shut off along the inboard walls of both experimental enclosures and in the First Optical Enclosures of both beamlines. There are no master shutoffs for the air or water. Gas cylinders will be stored either in the designated Sector 17 space (in the open yard, beyond the sector 21 truck lock) or in designated areas behind the experimental hutches. The truck lock contains an ice machine for laboratory use; the ice in it is not meant for human consumption.
  
• Location and requirements for the use of safety eyewear and other personal protective equipment:
  Safety eyewear (in the form of safety glasses or goggles) should be worn in the chemistry laboratory and the LOM shop. Safety eyewear to be worn in the electronics laboratory as work requirements dictate. There is a supply of safety glasses in a plastic holder on the inside of the hallway door to the chemistry laboratory (435A030) and a supply in the LOM shop. There is also a safety eyewash and emergency shower in the IMCA-CAT chemistry laboratory; lab coats and rubber gloves are available for use at your discretion.
  
• Clothing regulations:
  Wearing of sandals is forbidden in the laboratories or on the experimental floor. Shorts or skirts are permitted in the chemistry lab when covered by a lab coat. On the experimental floor or in the electronics lab, shorts or skirts are permitted with or without a lab coat, provided that the user is only doing paperwork and computer work; any work with samples, electronic components, vacuum equipment, or chemicals requires a lab coat over shorts or skirts. Thus the restrictions are as follows:
  

  Location	Sandals	Shorts or skirts without labcoat	Shorts or skirts with labcoat
  Offices	yes	yes	yes
  Chemistry Lab	no	no	yes
  Electronics Lab paper/computer work	no	yes	yes
  Electronics Lab work with materials	no	no	yes
  Experimental Floor paper/computer work	no	yes	yes
  Experimental Floor work with materials	no	no	yes

  
  
• Storage of chemicals, heavy atoms, compressed gases, and ice:
  We have APS approval to store specified chemicals in the chill room. Acids and bases are stored in marked cabinets, under the hood in the Chemistry ('wet') Lab. A "flammables" storage cabinet is on the APS experimental floor, just upstream from the CAT storage cage. This is used for storage of large quantities of flammable reagents. A list of available chemicals and their location is on the web pages; a hard copy is kept near the hood. There is a small locking cabinet for Heavy Metals storage and a copy of procedures for their use near the lab hood.
  
• Disposal of waste, including hazardous waste:
  Aluminum cans, bottles and other recyclable material (plastic with appropriate recyclable imprint) will be recycled if placed in the blue recycling bins labeled "CANS ONLY" in the LOM, on the beamline, and in the building 435 communal kitchen. Paper will be recycled if placed in the blue recycling bins labeled "PAPER." Trash may be placed in cans containing plastic liners. The "GLASS" boxes in the 'wet lab' are for glass or pipet tips only. Please, do not fill them up with paper or other waste. The CAT Safety Plan has detailed discussions of disposal of chemical waste, and those regulations should be followed. Lisa Keefe has been trained in DOE-approved methods of disposal of hazardous waste. She should be involved in any disposal of hazardous waste that you may require. This includes soiling of lab coats with known hazard material contamination. Should you soil one of the lab coats, place it in a plastic bag, along with your name and any possible hazard contamination information. Give this to Dr. Keefe or leave it near her desk, so that she can have the coat cleaned (or disposed of) accordingly. Heavy atom waste shall be recorded in the log book and kept contained in a plastic bag (in the designated area) under the hood.
  
• Location of safety documentation:
  The CAT Administrative Associate, Ms. Brown, maintains a paper copy of the CAT Safety Plan in her office, as do the CAT Director and the Sector Scientist. An additional printed copy will be available in the user office area and another near the beamline workstations. It is also available on the World-Wide Web, as mentioned above. The Argonne Environmental Safety and Health Manual is available on the Web, and the CAT Director has a paper copy. Materials safety data sheets for all chemicals that IMCA-CAT is currently using are maintained in a binder just outside the south door of the IMCA-CAT chemistry laboratory (435A030). Ms. Brown has a file of additional MSDSs that can be incorporated into the binder as additional chemicals are required, and others can be obtained on the Web.
  
• Storage of other items:
  Shelves, bookcases, filing cabinets and other storage facilities are provided in the laboratories, offices, and work areas. Nothing should be stored on top of tall cabinets. Food should never be stored in the Chemistry Lab, as food or drink is never allowed in this room (see below). Opened packages of food should not be stored in any drawers, unless you are here and eating out of it during your stay. A refrigerator is provided for your shared use, while you are here.
  
• Rules regarding food:
  Food may be eaten in the 435C lunchroom (just inside the parking-lot entrance), in the staff offices, and at the conference table in the IMCA-CAT conference room (435A007). Soft drinks and hot drinks may be consumed in those places, in the user offices, and in the user work areas adjacent to the two beamlines, where, as the APS has stated, "coffee and soft drinks are part of the synchrotron culture." No food or drink is allowed in the chemistry laboratory or inside the experimental hutches. Some of these rules are APS regulations; one rule (no solid food in the user offices) is an IMCA housekeeping decision, voted on at an IMCA Supervisory Board meeting in 1998.
  
• Orientation to tornado shelters and floor coordinator's office:
  Tornado shelters are located in the restrooms and the user staff shop. Restrooms are in building 435C, on either side of the parking lot entrance. The shop is located next to the floor coordinator's office on the outside of the storage ring floor, located at column 120 which is midway between sectors 18 and 19. When a tornado alert occurs you will be instructed to go to a tornado shelter to wait out the storm. You can go either to the restroom or to the shop, but the shop is probably more congenial.

Beamline Safety Information:

• Explanation of the use of radiation survey meters:
  The APS keeps a stock of calibrated radiation survey meters. You are always free to ask APS Health Physics personnel to conduct a survey of an area at or near the IMCA-CAT beamlines, or to borrow one of the meters to conduct a survey yourself. To ensure proper calibration the APS asks us to refrain from using survey meters other than those they calibrate.
  
• Explanation of the use of radioactive check sources:
  Dr. James Fait is the APS-designated custodian for radioactive check sources for IMCA-CAT, having gone through the necessary Argonne Laboratories training for that role. In February 1999 he acquired a 1 mCi cadmium source which is stored in 17-ID-B in a properly shielded and labeled container. This is available for use in calibrations and similar experiments. He will manipulate the source for you in any experiment that requires it. Consult with him and the Safety Coordinator for details.
  
• Handling sharp objects
  There are sharp objects, such as alignment pins, available for use inside the experimental hutches. All sharp-pointed, solid alignment pins and other items capable of producing puncture wounds and abrasions should be left uncapped only as long as they are actually being used. It is the responsibility of the users of these items to see that they have been placed in a screw-capped container after they are no longer in use. The user support scientist associated with the user's beam-time should verify that alignment pins and similar objects have been properly stored after use.
  
• Orientation to the CAT's implementation of the APS Shielding Configuration Policy:
  All portions of IMCA-CAT's beamlines, that will ever contain X-rays, are contained in steel-lead-steel enclosures. From an access standpoint there are two types of enclosures: those controlled by personnel safety systems and those under configuration control. All enclosures into which users may enter are controlled by personnel safety systems (PSS). These provide automated interlocks that prevent entry into the enclosure, if a shutter is open, that might otherwise allow X-rays into the enclosure while a user is inside. Enclosures under configuration control (those with yellow tags) lack personnel safety systems and are intended to remain closed whenever the beam is in operation. These labyrinths and components may be opened only after written permission is obtained from the Floor Coordinator and (in some cases) other APS officials. Only staff members should be involved in opening enclosures under configuration control.
  
• General and beamline-specific operation of the Personnel Safety Systems:
  All IMCA-CAT staff and users will receive general training from the APS. Beamline-specific Personnel Safety Systems operations will be given by an IMCA-CAT staff member.

IMCA-CAT Guidelines for LOM Laboratory Information Binders

• Introduction
  • Purpose and Scope
    IMCA-CAT has two laboratories: a chemistry laboratory in 435A030, and an electronics laboratory in 435A020. At a later date a Laboratory Information Binder may be developed for the electronics laboratory, but currently only the chemistry laboratory has one. IMCA-CAT believes that the hazards and controls associated with the electronics laboratory are adequately documented elsewhere in this safety plan, particularly in the IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Electrical Safety, are adequate to provide for the safety of that facility. Consequently the remainder of this document describes the Laboratory Information Binder for the chemistry laboratory. The binder is one of the primary means that the CAT uses to provide information on hazards and controls to the individuals using the IMCA-CAT Chemistry Laboratory.
  • Responsibilities
    The IMCA-CAT Safety Manager, Safety Coordinator, and Safety Technician are responsible for developing and maintaining a Laboratory Information Binder for the IMCA-CAT Safety Manager.
    Principal Investigators are responsible for keeping the Safety Technician well informed about their activities so that necessary modifications to the Laboratory Information Binders can be made in a timely manner and other laboratory users can be informed before new hazards are introduced.

  
  

• LABORATORY INFORMATION BINDER
  for the IMCA-CAT Chemistry Laboratory, APS 435A020.

  ---

  
  In an emergency, DIAL 911 FIRST, then notify other individuals as indicated below.*

  Title	Name	Office Phone	Pager	Office Room No.
  Safety Captain	varies
  APS Floor Coordinator (Area Emergency Supervisor)	Frank Bellinger	2-0500	4-0500	435-C001
  Safety Coordinator	John Chrzas	2-0522	312-902-9789	435-A001
  Chemical Safety Coordinator	Lisa Keefe	2-0544	312-204-3740	435-A004
  Electrical Safety Coordinator	Bill Lavender	2-0523	312-902-9756	435-A002
  Biosafety Coordinator	Lisa Keefe	2-0544	312-204-3740	435-A004
  CAT Director	Andy Howard	2-0534	312-902-9816	435-A001
  XFD ES&H Coordinator	Bruce Stockmeier	2-9394	4-9394	401-B1161
  XFD ES&H Specialist	Rick Janik	2-6068	4-6068	401-B4162
  CAT Administrator	Virginia Brown	2-0520		435-A003

  *After summoning help via 911, notify the IMCA-CAT Director. If he is unavailable, notify the APS Floor Coordinator.

  • Table of Contents

  • Item	Page
    Laboratory-Specific User Responsibilities	4-40
    All Users	4-40
    Users of [specify equipment]	4-40
    Personnel Performing [specify operation]	4-40
    Personnel Having Equipment/Facility Management Responsibilitie	4-40
    Hazard Identification and Control	4-40
    Chemical Hazards	4-40
    Fire Hazards	4-40
    Cryogenic Hazards	4-41
    Electrical Hazards	4-41
    Ionizing Radiation Hazards	4-41
    Pressure Hazards	4-41
    General Hazard Controls and Emergency Equipment	4-41
    Chemical Storage	4-41
    Uncontrolled Chemical Releases	4-41
    Engineered Controls	4-42
    Personal Protective Equipment	4-42
    Emergency Equipment	4-42
    Designated Areas	4-42
    Inspection Checklist	4-42
    List of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes	4-42
    Procedures	4-42
    Contact Information	4-42
    Chemical Hygiene Plan	4-42
    General Guidelines	4-43
    Standard Operating Procedures	4-43
    Criteria and Procedures Used to Determine Controls	4-44
    Measures to Assure Proper Operation of Hazard Control Equipment	4-44
    Provisions for Laboratory Worker Information and Training	4-44
    Medical Consultations and Examinations	4-44
    Personnel Responsible for Implementation of Chemical Hygiene Plan	4-44
    Designated Areas	4-45
    Appendix A: LOM Laboratory Inspection Checklist for 435A020	4-46
    Appendix B: Listing of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes	4-51
    Appendix C: Procedures	4-52

  • Laboratory-Specific User Responsibilities
    
    • All Users of the IMCA-CAT Chemistry Laboratory must recognize their personal responsibility for the safe use of the laboratory and the operation of the equipment in it. In particular, no user will use complex equipment for which he or she has not been trained. Also, all users will wear appropriate attire in the Chemistry Laboratory.
    • Users of the IMCA-CAT Chill Room, contained within the Chemistry Laboratory, will recognize the need for proper ventilation in the Chill Room and will use only chemicals that have been approved for use in the Chill Room.
    • Users of the Laboratory Fume Hood, will use it with the sash at the proper height whenever possible and will leave the hood sash closed when no manipulations of objects in the hood are necessary. Hood users will keep the hood clean and uncrowded.
    • Users of the Laboratory Analytical Balance, will clean up any spills created as a result of its use, using cleanup methods appropriate to the substance being weighed.
    • Personnel Performing eyewash inspections shall inspect and run the eyewash at least once a week to minimize the likelihood of rust buildup in the flow lines to the eyewash.
    • Personnel Having Equipment/Facility Management Responsibilities
      The CAT Safety Technician will be responsible for the management and maintenance of all equipment in the IMCA-CAT Chemistry Laboratory. The technician may delegate any maintenance responsibilities to persons more familiar with selected equipment than she is.
    • Safety Captains, Satellite Accumulation Area Custodians, Radioactive Source Custodians, X-ray Generator Custodians, etc.
  • Hazard Identification and Control
    This section should consist of one or more two-column tables. As illustrated below, the first column should list each significant hazard that could be present in the laboratory and the circumstances that create or significantly increase the risk associated with the hazard. The second column should briefly summarize the hazard-specific controls applicable to each hazard. Where appropriate, cite references to more detailed information.

    Hazard
        Associated Hazard Control 

    The following are some guidelines for developing control summaries for various classes of hazards.

    • Chemical Hazards The starting point for identifying appropriate controls for a given chemical is the MSDS. Controls include appropriate storage facilities, fume hoods, personal protective equipment, written handling procedures, etc.
    • Fire Hazards
      The majority of fire hazards will fall into one of the following categories:
      • The use of easily ignited substances such as readily combustible solids, flammable liquids, combustible liquids, and flammable gases; and
      • Operations that require open flames or produce sparks.

      
      Controls for both categories of hazards are described in the ANL ESH Manual.

    • Cryogenic Hazards
    • Electrical Hazards
      Electrical hazards commonly found in IMCA-CAT facilities include those posed by high voltage power supplies, high amperage power supplies, and electronic and electrically powered equipment. Such equipment, whether purchased from an outside source or built by IMCA-CAT personnel, should incorporate safeguards that virtually eliminate any chance of contacting an energized part. Equipment lacking such safeguards must be listed in this section of the binder. Equipment that has safeguards in place need not be listed unless it is used, tested, or serviced in a manner that requires the safeguards to be defeated. In the latter case, the equipment should be listed here and the procedures included in Appendix C of this binder. Safeguards appropriate to various electrical hazards are covered elsewhere in the IMCA-CAT ES&H Plan.
    • Ionizing Radiation Hazards
      These include x-ray generators and all radioactive sources. Hazard controls that are addressed in the ANL ESH Manual and which do not require supplemental efforts need not be described in detail. Facility- or equipment-specific procedures and controls should be identified with enough detail for all users to understand whether the control is in place.
    • Pressure Hazards
      These are hazards posed by apparatus with vacuum chambers, or equipment that contains gases or liquids at pressure that are significantly lower or higher than atmospheric pressure. At the time of this writing, ANL's pressure safety program is undergoing significant revision. Planned controls should be reviewed with the XFD ES&H Coordinator to help ensure that they will satisfy current requirements.
    • General Hazard Controls and Emergency Equipment
    • Chemical Storage
      List what is available along with its applicability and limitations, its capacity and normal contents, and reference to chemical inventory management procedures. Include Hazardous Waste Satellite Accumulation Areas. For example:
      This laboratory has cabinets that meet the requirements for storage of flammable liquids, corrosives (both acids and bases), and oxidizers. A label on each cabinet door lists the types of chemicals that may be safely stored in that cabinet, and incompatible chemicals that may not be stored there. The laboratory has a chart, `Safe Storage of Chemicals,' that provides additional guidelines on the safe storage of chemicals. No chemicals may be stored in this laboratory without the prior approval of the Laboratory Safety Captain.
    • Uncontrolled Chemical Releases
      Describe the applicability and limitation of available spill kits, their storage location, criteria for deciding whether IMCA-CAT personnel should clean up a particular spill themselves, personnel to be notified in the event of a spill, and training required to use a spill kit. For example:
      This laboratory has spill kits that may be used to control small spills of flammable liquids, bases, and acids. The respective storage locations of these kits are as follows:
      • Acids -
      • Bases -
      • Flammable Liquids -
    • Engineered Controls
      List the controls that have been built into the facility and describe their applicability and limitations, and required authorizations.
    • Personal Protective Equipment
      List what is available along with its applicability and limitations, and any authorization required to use the equipment.
    • Emergency Equipment
      List what is available along with its applicability and limitations, and any authorization required to use the equipment.
    • Designated Areas
      Describe designated areas. Include a statement describing the specific purpose of each area (including specific hazardous materials that will/may be handled there) and the methods to be used to demarcate and post the area. Make reference to procedures in Appendix C of this binder that require use of designated areas as a hazard control measure.
    • Inspection Checklist
      The inspection checklist should include those actions and tests necessary to verify the continued effectiveness of both hazard-specific and general controls. The checklist in Appendix A can be adapted to meet the needs of the laboratory. The Safety Captain will conduct monthly inspections using criteria in the Inspection Checklist shown in Appendix A. The Laboratory Safety Captain will use the completed checklist to identify needed corrective actions and will ensure that identified deficiencies are corrected in a timely manner.
    • List of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes
      See Appendix B.
    • Procedures
      See Appendix C.
    • Contact Information
      Contact information for key personnel appears on the cover sheet of this binder.
    • Chemical Hygiene Plan
      This section can be deleted for laboratories that are not subject to the requirements set forth in 29 CFR 1910.1450. For laboratories that require a plan, this section shall incorporate both the general elements indicated below and complementary laboratory-specific elements or information. This section should explicitly cite information found elsewhere in this LOM Laboratory Information Binder. The IMCA-CAT and this laboratory have implemented a Chemical Hygiene Plan that follows the guidelines established by Chapter 4-2 of the ANL ESH Manual. (A copy of Chapter 4-2 is available from the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator.) The remainder of this section describes IMCA-CAT- and laboratory-specific policies, controls, and procedures.
      • General Guidelines
        • Use all reasonable precautions to minimize exposure to toxic substances by any route.
        • Use and store substances with high acute toxicity or moderate-to-high chronic toxicity only in areas of restricted access with special warning signs.
        • Always use a hood or other containment device for procedures which may result in the generation of aerosols or vapors containing the substance.
        • Make sure the system has a cleaner that will trap released contaminants to prevent their discharge with the hood exhaust .
        • Always avoid skin contact by use of gloves, long sleeves and other protective apparel as appropriate. Always wash hands and arms immediately after working with materials posing high acute toxicity or moderate to high chronic toxicity.
        • Store breakable containers of these substances in chemically resistant trays; also work and mount apparatus above such trays or cover work and storage surfaces with removable, absorbent, plastic backed paper.
        • If a major spill occurs outside the hood, evacuate the area. Make sure cleanup personnel wear suitable protective apparel and equipment.
        • Be prepared for accidents and spills.
        • Make sure at least two people are present at all times if a compound in use is highly toxic or of unknown toxicity.
        • Thoroughly decontaminate or properly dispose of contaminated clothing or shoes.
        • Store contaminated waste in closed, suitably labeled, impervious containers that comply with EMO-WMO recommendations.
        • For materials with high acute toxicity or moderate-to-high chronic toxicity, maintain records of the amounts on hand, amounts used, and the names of the workers involved.
        • Protect vacuum pumps against contamination by scrubbers or HEPA filters and vent them into the hood. Decontaminate vacuum pumps or other contaminated equipment, including glassware, in the hood before removing them from a designated area. (See below.)
        • Biological hazards in the IMCA-CAT Chemical Laboratory will be kept to a level appropriate to a standard "P1" biochemical laboratory. Any sample or reagent requiring a higher level of biological containment will not be brought into or used in any of the IMCA-CAT facilities.
      • Standard Operating Procedures
        If a proposed laboratory operation requires the use of chemicals, the Principal Investigator must inform the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator of the chemicals and processes involved. If the Safety Coordinator determines that the operation is subject to the requirements imposed under 29 CFR 1910.1450 or that it involves other significant hazards, he or she will advise the Principal Investigator that the proposed operation must follow a standard operating procedure. If no such procedure exists for the operation, the Principal Investigator will write one, and the CAT Safety Coordinator will approve it. Appendix C contains copies of all standard operating procedures for this laboratory.
      • Criteria and Procedures Used to Determine Controls
        The safety review procedures described in the IMCA-CAT ES&H Manual will be used to determine the need for controls, including available procedural controls. In addition, the IMCA-CAT Safety Committee may call for the implementation of a procedural or an engineered control. In general, the Safety Coordinator will arrange for any required reviews of engineered chemical exposure controls and personal protective equipment. The hazard controls for chemicals used in this laboratory are described in the `General Hazard Controls and Emergency Equipment' section of this Laboratory Information Binder.
      • Measures to Assure Proper Operation of Hazard Control Equipment
        • Eyewash units will be tested weekly by the Safety Captain or designee.
        • Drench showers will be tested semi-annually by ANL-PFS.
        • ANL-ESH-IH shall be requested to categorize hoods and verify proper air flow at the time new units are installed. PFS-Building Maintenance will test the hoods when installed and annually thereafter. The Safety Captain will check the airflow of each chemical fume hood during monthly inspections. Users will take note of readings on instruments that measure hood performance and indicate problems.
          
      • Provisions for Laboratory Worker Information and Training This Laboratory Information Binder contains the basic information that trained personnel will need to work safely in this laboratory. The Safety Captain will provide an orientation to each person authorized to work in the laboratory. The content of the orientation will follow a graded approach; that is, it will be commensurate with the person's planned activities. During the orientation, the Safety Captain will make use of this LOM Laboratory Information Binder. As appropriate, personnel shall complete substance-specific training before working with chemicals. The IMCA-CAT Manager will provide sufficient information regarding samples brought into the CAT facilities to any worker whose work will bring them into direct or indirect contact with those samples. These samples will be handled as described above.
      • Medical Consultations and Examinations
        IMCA-CAT personnel shall keep their home institutions informed about any toxic materials to which they might be exposed in their work. IMCA-CAT will rely on the home institutions to determine medical monitoring requirements.
      • Personnel Responsible for Implementation of Chemical Hygiene Plan
        All IMCA-CAT personnel authorized to work in this laboratory are responsible for complying with the work rules described in this LOM Laboratory Information Binder and any additional rules imposed by the Safety Captain.
        The Safety Captain is responsible for ensuring that the requirements of this Chemical Hygiene Plan are implemented. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator is responsible for providing required technical expertise and for conducting surveillance.
      • Designated Areas
        All storage and handling of high-toxicity materials, select carcinogens (see ANL ESH Manual Chapter 4-2), and reproductive toxins shall take place in a restricted-access area (hood, glove box, or portion of the laboratory) designated for use of highly toxic substances. All personnel with access to the area will be aware of the substances being used and necessary precautions. The designated areas in this laboratory for the storage and handling of highly toxic substances, and the substances to be stored/handled there, are listed in the `Designated Areas' section of this Laboratory Information Binder.
        On leaving a designated area, remove any protective apparel (placing it in an appropriate, labeled container) and thoroughly wash hands, forearms, face, and neck.
        In the event of a spill or leak, decontaminate the designated area before normal work is resumed there. Use a wet mop or a vacuum cleaner equipped with a HEPA filter instead of dry sweeping if the highly toxic substance is a dry powder.
  • Appendix A:
    LOM Laboratory Inspection Checklist for 435A030
    Date: ____ / ____ / ____

    General Status	Criterion	Comment
    O	General housekeeping
    O	Required hazard warnings are posted at entrance(s)
    O	MSDS binder is in place at main entrance to laboratory
    O	Lab Information Binder is in place at main entrance to laboratory
    O	The contact information on the cover sheet of the LOM
    O	Laboratory Information Binder is current
    O	List of authorized laboratory users is posted at entrances
    O	Paths of egress are free of obstructions
    Electrical Safety Status	Criterion	Comment
    O	Lights in hoods protected from vapors
    O	Circuits and circuit breakers labeled
    O	Extension cord usage is minimized
    O	Extension cords are not connected in series
    O	No circuits overloaded with extension cords or multiple connections
    O	Heating apparatus equipped with redundant temperature controls
    Fire Safety Status
    Criterion	Comment
    O	All flammable liquids not in use are stored in flammable-liquids storage cabinets
    O	Excessive quantities of flammable material stocks are not present
    O	Oxidizers and other incompatible materials are not present in flammable-liquid storage cabinets
    O	At least 2 well-marked means of egress from laboratory, each clear of obstructions
    O	Class ABC fire extinguisher is located along path of egress, and not obscured or obstructed
    O	Flammable materials not stored along paths of egress from laboratory
    O	Refrigerators used for flammables are flammable material storage units or are explosive-proof
    O	UL-approved electrical equipment is used in locations/operations involving flammable liquids
    Chemical Handling Status	Criterion	Comment
    O	Chemicals stored according to compatibility in appropriate storage cabinets
    O	All chemicals stored at safe levels in cabinets or on stable shelving
    O	Stored quantities of chemicals not excessive
    O	All containers are appropriately labeled (contents, warnings, bar codes)
    O	Containers holding ethers and other compounds with safe shelf life are labeled with latest date for disposal
    O	Gas cylinders strapped firmly in place
    O	Gas cylinders not in use are capped
    O	Gas cylinders of oxidizing and reducing agents are properly segregated
    O	Glass vacuum vessel taped
    O	All work generating toxic and hazardous fumes done in hoods
    O	Apparatus susceptible to damage is marked with warning signs or protected by barriers
    O	Chemical waste log is current, bearing notations indicating inspections have been performed on each waste container
    O	Chemical waste labeled and stored in designated Satellite Accumulation Areas according to compatibility and class
    Ventilation Status	Criterion	Comment
    O	Laboratory at negative pressure with respect to corridors
    O	Fume-generating apparatus at least 20 cm (8 inches) back from face of hood
    O	Fans and other equipment capable of creating cross-drafts are kept at a sufficient distance from hood operations
    O	Local exhaust units are used where hoods are not suitable or available
    O	Air-flow indicator on chemical fume hood appears to be functioning properly
    O	Label on chemical fume hood indicates that hood performance has been checked within the last twelve months
    O	VAV chemical fume hood/room supply (make-up) air interface appears to be functioning properly
    Safety Equipment Status	Criterion	Comment
    O	Eye wash station available and inspections current
    O	Deluge shower available and inspections current
    O	Supply of personal protective equipment adequate
    Program Administration Status	Criterion	Comment
    O	Deficiencies noted during last inspection communicated
    O	to persons responsible for correction.
    O	All activities posing significant safety or health risks are covered by written procedures that have been reviewed with the intent to ensure that they incorporate adequate warnings and specify adequate protective measures.

  • Appendix B:
    Listing of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes

    Use the table format shown below to list all hazardous chemicals (as defined in ANL ESH Manual Chapter 4-1) that are presently in the LOM laboratory, and hazardous wastes that are likely to be present. Identify each chemical by the same name that is on the label of its container. The office of the XFD ES&H Coordinator provides this listing periodically. Additions may be written in by hand until an updated listing is received.

    HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS (AS DEFINED UNDER 29 CFR 1910.1200)

    Name of Substance(s) CAS No(s). Common Synonyms (As identified
        on container label and MSDS.) 

    HAZARDOUS WASTES (AS DEFINED UNDER RCRA)

    Name of Substance(s) CAS No(s). Location of (As identified on container
        Waste Containers label and MSDS.) 

  • Appendix C:
    Procedures

    Insert copies of all written procedures required by IMCA-CAT policy, including (but not limited to) the general procedures for use and testing of equipment in the LOM laboratory and the operation-specific procedures required as the result of the experiment review process. Include waste handling procedures if the laboratory produces hazardous wastes.
    Procedures in the Appendix will be easier to find if they are numbered and placed behind correspondingly numbered tabs, with a list of the procedure titles and numbers at the front.

IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Inspections

• INTRODUCTION
  These guidelines are in the form of checklists for:
  • Quarterly ES&H inspections by the IMCA-CAT Safety Committee
  • Monthly shop inspections by the User LOM Shop Coordinator.
    For a Monthly Laboratory Inspection Checklist, see IMCA-CAT Guidelines for LOM Laboratory Information Binders.
• IMCA-CAT Safety Committee Quarterly ES&H Inspection Criteria

  SECTOR NO. 17 BEAMLINE NO. 17BM LOM LAB NO.434B DATE -

  SAFETY INSPECTION COMMITTEE CHAIR OR DESIGNEE -

  Mark each item below as follows:

  • S (or checkmark) for Satisfactory
  • R for Requires follow-up (within 10 days)
  • U for Urgent response needed (within 1 day)

  If all items in a category are satisfactory, circle `Satisfactory' in the category heading.

  Satisfactory
  GENERAL

  • ____________Are all exits and aisles unobstructed?
  • ____________Are work areas clear and lab benches not overcrowded?
  • ____________Do any potential tripping hazards exist?
  • ____________Are equipment and materials stored safely?
  • ____________Are containers for disposal of broken glass available?
  • ____________Are waste containers labeled and in good condition?
  • ____________Is glassware stored safely?
  • ____________Are file cabinets/shelves secured to wall or tagged as unsecured?
  • ____________Are gas cylinders secured properly?
  • ____________Are any unusual noises or odors present?
  • ____________Is overall housekeeping good?
  • ____________Do waste logbooks document monthly inspections of Satellite Accumulation Areas?
  • ____________Other:

  Satisfactory
  SAFEGUARDS AND SAFE PRACTICES

  • ____________Are off-hours instructions for unattended operation posted?
  • ____________Is safety handbook available?
  • ____________Are protective shields in place if needed?
  • ____________Are machine guards in place if needed?
  • ____________Are emergency shutdown procedures posted?
  • ____________Are emergency shutoffs for house utilities
  • and compressed gases unobstructed?
  • ____________Have you observed any unsafe acts or noncompliance
  • with safety rules?
  • ____________Are lab doors to corridors closed?
  • ____________Does any equipment extend over the boundary lines marked on the
  • floor? (Aisles must be unobstructed.)
  • ____________Do any potential overhead hazards exist?
  • ____________Is medical look-alike (lab ware) waste can available?
  • ____________Is "sharps" disposal container available?
  • ____________Do any illumination problems exist?
  • ____________Is general ventilation acceptable?
  • ____________Are vent purges set properly?
  • ____________Is emergency door unobstructed?
  • ____________Is emergency door unlocked?
  • ____________Other:

  Satisfactory
  PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT

  • ____________Is the safety cabinet stocked appropriately with applicable items from the following list?
    • ________________Safety glasses
    • ________________Face shields
    • ________________Gloves
    • ________________Thermal gloves
    • ________________Splash goggles
    • ________________Other: _________________

  Satisfactory
  EMERGENCY EQUIPMENT

  • ___________Is access to fire extinguisher unobstructed?
  • ____________Is fire extinguisher seal intact?
  • ____________Are eye wash stations and safety shower inspected and unobstructed?
  • ____________Other:

  Satisfactory
  GENERAL LABELING

  • ____________Are chemicals properly labeled and tagged?
  • ____________Are cylinders properly labeled (tags on nonstock cylinders)?
  • ____________If required, are "Hot" signs properly worded and clearly visible?
  • ____________If required, are "Radioactive" signs properly worded and clearly visible?
  • ____________If required, are "HIGH VOLTAGE" signs properly worded and clearly visible?
  • ____________If required, are other signs properly worded and clearly visible?
  • ____________If required, are over-temperature alarms installed? On which units?
  • ____________If required, are other alarms installed? On which units?
  • ____________Are electrical panels and other electrical shut-off switches properly labeled?
  • ____________ Other:

  Satisfactory
  MECHANICAL

  • ____________Are all devices mechanically stable (suitable base for height and weight and anchored to floor, if appropriate)?
  • ____________Are there any stored energy hazards?
  • ________________Gravity
  • ________________Spring
  • ________________Vacuum
  • ________________Pressure
  • ________________Other :
    __________________________________________
  • ____________ If required, are overpressure alarms installed? On which units? __
  • ____________Are equipment/shelves/cabinets secured properly?
  • ____________Are cabinet tops free of stored items, as required by APS?
  • ____________Are any sharp edges present?
  • ____________Are there any unmarked or unprotected protruding objects?
  • _______________ Hazard removed
  • _______________ Safety guard recommended
  • _______________ Other recommendations:
    ___________________________________

  Satisfactory
  ELECTRICAL

  • ____________Are power strips secured?
  • ____________Are any faulty or frayed wires present?
  • ____________Are any electrical boxes open?
  • ____________Are any electrical terminals exposed on instrumentation?
  • ____________Is electrical equipment properly grounded?
  • ____________Are any electrical circuits overloaded?
  • ____________Are any ignition sources present?
  • ____________Are GFCIs installed at appropriate locations?
  • ____________Are posted signs adequate?
  • ____________Are all the instruments/circuits adequately labeled?
  • ____________Is access to electrical panels and other electrical shut-off switches unobstructed?
  • ____________Do any lighting problems exist?

  Satisfactory
  PIPING PRACTICES

  • ____________Are any inspections of regulators or relief valves out of date?
  • ____________Are rotameters and sight glasses properly shielded?
  • ____________Are proper size catch pans in use?
  • ____________Are house utility systems protected?

  Satisfactory
  VENTILATION

  • ____________Are inspections and tests of toxic gas monitors up to date?
  • ____________Are hood doors closed when not in use?
  • ____________Is local exhaust used, if needed?
  • ____________Has hood or vent been inspected and labeled within the last year by the Industrial Hygiene Section of ANL ESH or by Building Maintenance?
  • ____________If required, are hood failure alarms installed? On which units?
  • ____________Are hoods being used in accordance with their classification?
    • Type 1 - Moderately to highly toxic materials
    • Type 2 - Low toxic materials and fumes
  • ____________Other:

  Satisfactory
  HAZARDOUS MATERIALS (Acids, Bases, Oxidizers, Toxics, Carcinogens, etc.)

  • ____________Are chemicals properly stored and labeled?
  • ____________Are incompatible chemicals properly segregated?
  • ____________Are peroxide formers and other compounds subject to hazardous decomposition labeled to show date received?
  • ____________Are peroxide formers no more than 6 months old?
  • ____________Is chemical tag system properly used?
  • ____________Is chemical inventory list available and up to date?
  • ____________Other:

  Satisfactory
  FLAMMABLE AND COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS

  • ____________Are all aerosol sprays with flammable propellants stored in flammable-liquid storage cabinets?
  • ____________Is the storage cabinet inventory up to date?
  • ____________Are glass bottles stored in catch pans?
  • ____________Are electrically conductive containers which are used for transferring flammable liquids grounded and bonded?
  • ____________Other:

  Satisfactory
  RADIATION PROTECTION SAFEGUARDS

  • ____________Is beamline shielding in place? (Use separate checklist.)
  • ____________Are beamline padlocks secured?
  • ____________Is FOE and Experimental Station shielding in place? (Use separate checklist.)
  • ____________Are FOE and Experimental Station interlocks undisturbed, per visual inspection?
  • ____________Are FOE and Experimental Station emergency beam dump buttons unobstructed?
  • ____________Has a beamline radiation survey been done within the past month?
  • ____________Other:

  ADDITIONAL COMMENTS:
  _____________________________________________________
  _____________________________________________________
  _____________________________________________________
  _____________________________________________________
  _____________________________________________________
  _____________________________________________________
  _____________________________________________________
  _____________________________________________________

• SHOP INSPECTION CHECKLIST

  The following items will be checked each month by the Shop Coordinator, who will ensure that all observed deficiencies are corrected and will file this checklist with the Safety Administrators of the CATs that occupy LOM435.
  S (or checkmark) for Satisfactory
  R for Requires follow-up (within 10 days)
  U for Urgent response needed (within 1 day)

  • _____Safety Glasses Required' signs are posted at all entrances
  • _____Supply of visitors' safety glasses is adequate
  • _____List of approved machine operators is displayed
  • _____Machine guards are in place
  • _____Belts are in good condition
  • _____Safety shields are in place
  • _____Safety shield windows are clean and clear
  • _____Machines are free of debris
  • _____Power switches are unobstructed
  • _____Unobstructed access to emergency power disconnects
  • _____Machines have adequate working area and room to allow operator to step back in an emergency
  • _____Clamping mechanisms are in good operating condition
  • _____All special tools for machine operation are properly stored at machine
  • _____Machines are operating within manufacturers' safety specifications
  • _____Aisles to exit doors are unobstructed
  • _____No tripping hazards are present
  • _____Power cords are properly secured Intact insulation on power cords
  • _____Lighting is adequate
  • _____Machines are anchored to floor
  • _____Neat and orderly shop (general housekeeping)

IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Accident Investigations

• Introduction
  • Purpose
    The primary purpose of an incident or accident investigation is to identify the hazard control systems that either failed or were lacking. By determining the direct, contributing, and root causes, IMCA-CAT hopes to identify corrective actions that can help prevent similar occurrences.
  • Applicability & Scope
    This guideline applies to incidents and accidents occurring in IMCA-CAT's facilities at the APS.
  • Definitions
    • Accident: an unexpected event that produces personal injury, illness, or death; damage to or loss of property or vehicles; or environmental releases involving reportable quantities of radiation or hazardous materials.
    • Incident: an unexpected occurrence that could result in an accident or illness if repeated--a `near miss.'
    • First aid: one-time treatment and subsequent observation of minor scratches, cuts, splinters, burns, etc., that do not ordinarily require medical care from a physician. (Such treatment is considered first aid even if it is provided by medical personnel.)
    • Occupational illness: an abnormal physical condition or disorder caused by exposure to chemicals, radiation, or any other factors associated with the work environment.
    • Reportable accident: any accident whose consequences go beyond the administration of first aid.
• Responsibilities
  • Director
    The IMCA-CAT Director shall ensure that the requirements of this guideline are met. The Director shall also review all investigation reports.
  • First-Line Supervisors
    First-line supervisors and Principal Investigators with direct responsibility for the people, equipment, or facility involved in an incident or accident shall ensure that the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator and IMCA-CAT Manager are promptly notified and shall perform the initial investigations. Supervisors are also responsible for ensuring that appropriate corrective actions are implemented.
  • Safety Coordinator
    The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or the IMCA-CAT Manager shall:
    • Investigate incidents and accidents (unless the IMCA-CAT Director assigns another individual to this role) and support the investigatory efforts of other IMCA-CAT personnel;
    • Promptly notify the XFD ES&H Coordinator of any occupational illness or reportable accident; and
    • Monitor the progress of corrective actions and advise managers when schedules are not being met.
  • All IMCA-CAT Personnel
    IMCA-CAT personnel shall immediately report all injuries and illnesses through the 911 system either by calling 911 or by having a co-worker call. IMCA-CAT personnel shall also report accidents and incidents to IMCA-CAT line management as described below. IMCA-CAT personnel, including witnesses to an incident/accident, are expected to participate in investigations as required.
• Response to Accidents and Incidents
  • Notification
    Any person who witnesses an accident or incident or who comes upon an accident or incident not known to be previously reported shall first call 911 if appropriate and then immediately notify the IMCA-CAT Manager. If he/she is unavailable, notify the APS Floor Coordinator. All phone calls should be made from a safe location. The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or an alternate shall notify the XFD ES&H Coordinator as soon as is practical after learning of any occupational illness or reportable accident, for further guidance on investigation and reporting requirements.
  • On-Scene Actions
    Upon arriving at the scene of a reportable accident, IMCA-CAT personnel shall report to the Area Emergency Supervisor, if present, and secure the area and all related equipment and machinery to prevent further incidents and preserve evidence that may be relevant to subsequent investigations. IMCA-CAT should notify either the XFD ES&H Coordinator or the APS Floor Coordinator if additional assistance is needed in securing the incident/accident scene.
  • Investigation of incidents and first-aid accidents
    The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator (or alternate appointed by the IMCA-CAT Director) will lead investigations of incidents and first-aid accidents. Reports shall be submitted to the IMCA-CAT Director for review and concurrence.
  • Investigation of occupational illnesses and reportable accidents
    The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator will seek guidance from the XFD ES&H Coordinator upon learning of any occurrence in these categories.
• References
  • The Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Part 1904
  • Chapter 1-7 of the ANL ESH Manual

  ¹ In general, "as appropriate" means if required under one of the ASME B30 Series standards.

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IMCA-CAT Guidelines for Sample Handling

• Introduction
  • Purpose
    The primary purpose for sample handling guidelines is to assess the risk involved to both experimenters and staff in performing particular operations necessary for the successful execution of x-ray diffraction experiments. All macromolecular x-ray crystallography experiments performed at Sector 17 can essentially be reduced to a simple model experiment to which may be added additional layers of increasing complexity and risk. Adherence to these guidelines will be used as criteria for acceptance of of a scientific proposal or the experimental safety approval forms, themselves. These criteria are intended as augmentations of the "Safety Envelope" descriptions provided by the APS and as a set of operating procedures for the handling of samples by IMCA-CAT users.
  • Applicability & Scope
    This guideline focuses on laboratory procedures performed in IMCA-CAT's facilities at the APS, but could have applicability on procedures carried out elswhere. The results of particular experiments, whether performed at the APS or at the home institution, may have consequences which need to be addressed to guarantee the safety of all personnel working at the APS.
  • Definitions
    • Standard diffraction experiment - Pre-formed crystals are transported to the APS in an unfrozen state, to be either flash frozen on the goniometer prior to diffraction data collection or for diffraction experiments performed at room temperature.
    • Co-crystallization - the act of adding a reagent, ligand or other substance to a crystallization solution with the expectation that it will become incorporated into the resulting crystal.
    • Soaking - adding a reagent, ligand or other substance to the holding solution of preformed crystals with the expectation that the exogenously added material will become incorporated in the crystals.
    • Flash Freezing - Placing a crystal on the goniometer directly in the path of a cryogenic gas stream.
    • Pre-freezing - Crystals are frozen away from the goniometer then transported to the goniometer in a cryogen. At no time after the freezing process has taken place will the crystal be exposed to warm air.
    • Heavy-atom or heavy-atom reagent - compounds containing atoms more massive than selenium for use in determining x-ray crystal structures.
    • Radioactive heavy atoms and reagents - uranium and thorium or other chemicals that contain these atoms making the substance radioactive.
• Responsibility
  • Director
    The IMCA-CAT Director shall ensure that the requirements of this guideline are met. The Director shall have full authority in determining which experiments also review all investigation reports.
  • Safety Coordinator
    The IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator or the IMCA-CAT Manager shall:
    • In consultation with the IMCA-CAT Director and the Principal Investigator(s), determine which experiments or portions of an experiment can be safely performed within the IMCA-CAT domain given the current state of the IMCA CAT facilities;
    • Monitor the experimental work to be sure that it conforms with applicable safety regulations.
    • Promptly notify the XFD ES&H Coordinator of any occupational illness or reportable accident; and
    • Monitor the progress of corrective actions and advise managers when schedules are not being met.
  • Principal Investigators or Safety Captains
    • Will have direct responsibility for the people, equipment, or facility involved in carrying out experimental procedures.
    • Will insure that the IMCA-CAT Safety Coordinator and IMCA-CAT Director have been appraised of the safety concerns regarding the work to be performed on IMCA-CAT premises.
    • Will insure that the people charged with executing the experimental work are fully competent and capable of performing this task.
    • Will insure that the equipment used is up to the task
    • Will insure that the lab space used for this experiment is able
  • All IMCA-CAT Personnel
    When IMCA-CAT personnel observe work that is suspected to be in violation of applicable safety regulations or is obviously dangerous, they shall
    • Immediately inform the people doing the work so that they may take corrective active.
    • Notify the safety coordinator of the unsafe condition.

      A standard experiment would have the Principal Investigator and his team transporting the actual crystallization plates to the APS in climate controlled containers (styrofoam boxes). The plate is typically a sealed 24-well plastic tray with 1ml of liquid (the reservoir) in each well and a droplet of 2 to 15ul suspended from a silanized-glass cover slide above the reservoir. The cover slide is sealed to the tray with silicone vacuum grease to prevent evaporation of liquid from the compartment. This suspended droplet will contain the macromolecular crystal(s) to be analyzed, in their growth medium. Generally the protein solution will also contain a ligand which may or may not be a proprietary compound or the crystals could be treated with heavy-atom reagents for determination of the structure by isomorphous replacement techniques (see below). One requirement to successfully collect diffraction data at a synchrotron like the APS, is to cryogenically cool the crystal to reduce radiation damage and other unwanted heating effects. The PI will want to either flash-freeze the crystal directly on the goniometer or pre-freeze the crystal away from the goniometer for later analysis.

• Crystallographic Procedures
  
  1. Flash-freezing. With flash-freezing, there are two routes to follow: (1) Capture the crystal in a film of the mother liquor using a nylon loop and quickly transfer the mounting pin to a magnetic base mounted on the goniometer. This is pre-aligned to put the loop directly in the path of a cryogenic nitrogen gas stream and vitrify both the film and the crystal. (2) Pretreat the crystal with an antifreeze buffer or stabilizing solution by transferring the crystal through a series of solutions of ever increasing antifreeze concentration. The crystal is then processed as in step (1). In either case the formation of water ice must be avoided as this could destroy the integrity of the crystal and eliminate high resolution diffraction data.
  2. Pre-freezing the crystal. Flash-freezing may not be the method of choice for everyone, especially if the freezing characteristics of the crystals are unknown. Substantial time can be wasted at the synchrotron trying to get things right. Alternatively, a number of crystals can be processed in one sitting at the lab bench using either liquid nitrogen, liquid propane and/or certain types of liquid Freon to vitrify samples. This technique may be performed either in the user's home laboratory (assuming it is permitted in the user's safety environment) or in the IMCA-CAT chemistry laboratory.

     Table 5.1- Properties of cryogens used for "freezing" macromolecular crystals

     Chemical	Melting Point('C)	Boiling Point('C)	Flash Point for Liquid('C)	Specific Gravity (air=1.0)	Lower Explosive Limit	Upper Explosive Limit	Safety Issue
     Nitrogen	-210	-196	N/A	0.97	N/A	N/A	Asphyxiation (gas) extreme frostbite/burns (liquid)
     Ethane	-172	-88	-138	1.04	3.0%	12.5%	Asphyxiation (gas) extreme frostbite/burns (liquid) Flammable(both) Explosive(gas)
     Propane	-188	-42	-69	1.56	2.3%	9.5%	Asphyxiation (gas) extreme frostbite/burns (liquid) Flammable(both) Explosive(gas)
     Chlorodifluoro methane (Freon)	-160	-41	N/A	1.5	N/A	N/A	Asphyxiation (gas) extreme frostbite/burns (liquid)

     • Liquid nitrogen as the cryogen: Standard precautions for dealing with an extremely low temperture liquid should be observed. Use gloves and a face shield and be sure the room is well ventilated when transferring large quantities (>1 liter) of liquid nitrogen from a storage vessel (>5 liters, generally >200liters of liquid under pressure) to a transfer dewar (~5 liter capacity). Use the transfer dewar to dispense small volumes (~1liter) to a wide-mouth working dewar. A mounting pin with a properly sized nylon loop for capturing the crystal of interest is magnetically fixed to a long-handled "wand". The crystal is treated as described above to prevent ice formation (rinsing in antifreeze solution etc.) looped and plunged directly into the liquid nitrogen. While submerged in the cryogen it is transferred to a cryo-vial for storage in a separate dewar until ready for use. Usually the cryo-vial is attached to a metal "cane" that is placed in a "basket" submerged in liquid nitrogen in a storage dewar. The difficult part here is quickly attaching the cryo-vial to the cane without losing the small quantity of liquid nitrogen bathing the crystal.
     • Liquid propane as the cryogen: Because of the relatively low boiling point of liquid nitrogen and the difficulty rapid evaporation creates for handling crystal-containing cryo-vials, use of liquid propane has become popular. In this instance the cryogen is not only extremely cold but also flammable, in both gas and liquid forms, and the vapor can form an explosive mixture with air. Furthermore, the vapor is an asphyxiant. Do not use near any open flames or near devices that will spark (i.e. ON-OFF switches). Liquid propane can be generated by using a copper coil submerged in liquid nitrogen. Propane gas is slowly passed through the coil causing it to liquify. The liquid is captured in a plastic tube (15ml or 50ml Falcon tubes) sitting in liquid nitrogen. Propane remains a liquid between -42'C and -188'C (a difference of 146'C) but will freeze solid if left in contact with liquid nitrogen. This has advantages and disadvantages: (1) When you are ready to freeze a crystal you must be sure that the propane in a cryo-vial hasn't solidified. If it has, lift the cryo-vial out of the liquid nitrogen until it melts. Be sure the propane has completely melted before attempting to transfer a crystal, in order to avoid losing a crystal by colliding the loop into a frozen chunk of propane. Once you plunge a crystal mounting pin into the liquid propane, submerge the cryo-vial back into the liquid nitrogen. This will freeze (solidify) the liquid propane allowing one to manipulate the cryo-vial for longer periods of time. In fact, this method allows one to "safely" mount the prefrozen crystal on any goniometer in any orientation. The mounting pin is magnetically attached to the goniometer head and the solid propane in the cryo-vial allowed to melt a little. The cryo-vial is then carefully withdrawn. Do not force this or it may surgically remove the nylon loop from the mounting pin; the vial has to slip off. The crystal remains safely encased in a propane "popsicle" under the nitrogen gas stream. The propane is allowed to evaporate away from the crystal before data collection is commenced. Any liquid propane remaining near the crystal can be carefully wicked away.

       Currently the use of crystals pre-frozen in liquid propane is permitted in the IMCA-CAT facilities, but equipment for propane pre-freezing in the IMCA-CAT facilities is unavailable. The IMCA-CAT staff will consult with the APS ES&H staff before implementing propane freezing onsite.

     • Liquid ethane as a cryogen: The techniques involved here are essentially the same as with propane, in that ethane is a flammable fluid with boiling and freezing temperatures of -88'C and -172'C, respectively. Combined with air, ethane can also form an explosive mixture so do not work near an open flame or sparking devices.
     • Chloroflurocarbons as cryogens: Freon and similar compounds can be used in place of propane. Freon will remain a liquid between -41'C and -160'C, but will freeze solid when left in contact with liquid nitrogen. Atmospheric freon is a probable environmental hazard, and it is a potential asphyxiant, but it is non-flammable and will not create explosive mixtures when combined with air. IMCA-CAT permits use of crystals pre-frozen in chlorofluorocarbons, but has no equipment for pre-freezing samples in chlorofluorocarbons. In developing such equipment, IMCA-CAT will work with the APS ES&H staff in developing safe techniques and in considering environmentally benign alternatives to freon.
       
  3. Preparation of heavy atom derivatives for isomorphous replacement. To solve a structure de novo where no homologous structure exists, IMCA-CAT users may resort to isomorphous replacement techniques. This requires the introduction of a heavy atom, such as mercury, into the crystal lattice without changing the unit cell dimensions from those found with a native or untreated crystal. This may require soaking preformed crystals with heavy-atom solutions, crystallizing the macromolecule in the presence of heavy-atom compounds or even covalently modifying a protein with heavy-atom-containing reagents. In the special case of selenium, bacteria can be made to express the protein of interest where sulfomethionine has been replaced with selenomethionine.

     IMCA-CAT permits the collection of diffraction data from crystals pre-soaked offsite in heavy-atom solutions provided:

     • the quantity of heavy-atom reagent present is limited to that necessary for exposure of the crystal.
     • transport of the sample from offsite has been carried out properly.
     • an MSDS for the heavy-atom reagent is available onsite.
     • the exclusions described in section 7 below are observed.
       

     IMCA-CAT has also established facilities for dosing crystals with heavy atom reagents. These facilities are located in the IMCA-CAT chemistry laboratory, inside the fume hood. Procedures for exposing crystals to the heavy atom reagents have been developed and approved by the APS ES&H staff, and have been posted on the hood sash. The second through fourth criteria listed above still apply to the dosing regimens. Heavy-atom reagents will be purchased and stored in a locked, controlled cabinet adjacent to the fume hood, and users are encouraged to use the CAT's heavy-atom reagents rather than transporting theirs in. Transport of the user's own reagents will be permitted provided that the appropriate DOT and DOE procedures are followed, as well as the transport provisions of this safety plan. The only manipulation of the heavy-tom reagents outside the hood will be to:

     • move the reagent bottle from the storage cabinet into the hood;
     • weigh out small quantities of the reagent in the CAT balance, which is outside the hood.
       
  4. Heavy-atom instructions:
     
     • Heavy-atom preliminaries: Store all heavy-atom compounds either in a chemical hood or well ventilated cabinet. Wear gloves when handling heavy-atoms and avoid direct contact with the skin. If contact occurs, wash the contaminated area thoroughly with soap and water. Promptly clean up spills; contact the Safety Coordinator to determine the appropriate procedure for dealing with a particular compound. When weighing out solid a safe procedure to follow is: (1) tare an appropriately sized container for the amount of solid/solution you will need; (2) with gloved hands, open the compound container in a functioning chemical hood and using a clean spatula carefully transfer enough of the solid to the tared vial to meet your requirements; (3) cap the bottle and the vial and wipe down the spatula with a Kimwipe (4) throw the Kimwipe into hazardous waste and the spatula in the wash bucket; (5) reweigh the vial to determine the actual amount of solid present and add water or solvent to dissolve the solid. Store the stock heavy-atom solution in the hood; (6) dispose gloves into hazardous waste.
       
     • Soaking in heavy-atom derivatives: This approach requires stable, preformed crystals that will be placed in artifical mother liquors containing various concentrations of heavy-atom compounds. In most cases, but not all the heavy-atom compounds are toxic and those that contain uranium or thorium, radioactive (to be dealt with later). In all cases, obtain a material safety data sheet (MSDS) for each of the compound that have been selected for use and read and understand the sections on toxicity and treatment in case of an accident. To keep the volumes of heavy-atom reagent that will be added to the crystal mother liquor small (less than 10% of original droplet volume), relatively high stock concentrations (20 to 50mM or higher) of the heavy atom compounds will have to be made. Most heavy-atom compounds are water soluble, but for those that are not, a scientist must be extra cautious since organic solutions can penetrate skin or create toxic vapors. With the crystal sitting in ~10ul of the artificial mother liquor, add ~0.2ul of the heavy-atom solution with a specially designated Hamilton syringe away from the crystal. Watch the crystal under a microscope for a few minutes looking for any telltale signs of crystal cracking, loss of birefringence or melting. Note if the solution remains clear especially where the heavy-atom was added. If nothing happens within 30-60 minutes add another aliquot of heavy-atom solution and continue this process until the fianl heavy-atom concentration is between 2 to 5mM. Let the crystal sit for a day or two. The crystal may or may not change color depending upon the compound used. But to reduce non-specific binding it is a good idea to back-soak the crystal for a couple of hours in heavy-atom free mother liquor just prior to diffraction analysis.
       
     • Co-crystallization with heavy-atom compounds: This requires the use of a heavy-atom compound that does not influence the crystallization of the macromolecule to be something different from the designated "native" state. This is generally much more difficult to perform unless there is already a metal atom present that can be replaced, as in the substitution of mercury for the active center zinc in solving the structure of carbonic anhydrase.
       
     • Bacterial incorporation of anomalous scatterers: It is possible to incorporate selenium and, less commonly, telluriumin place of the sulfur in methionine residues of proteins grown in bacteria. Nearly quantitative incorporation of selenomethionine can be done routinely using engineered strains of E.coli.
       
     • High pressure incorporation of xenon or krypton: a commercial device is available (Molecular Structure Corporation) for flash-freezing and incorporating xenon or krypton under high pressure conditions. Xenon and krypton are noble gases and are relatively nontoxic. Structural Biology Center CAT (SBC-CAT) has purchased an MSC high-pressure system and has indicated that it will be available for use by IMCA-CAT personnel. IMCA-CAT will permit this activity once the CAT staff has been properly trained in its use and APS ES&H staff have been consulted.
  5. Uranium and Thorium:. Compounds containing either of these two elements are radioactive and will be treated as a special case because of the extra caution needed to safely handle them. They are still very popular heavy atoms because of the number of electrons each carries (U = 92 electrons; Th = 90 electrons). Some of their absorption edges lie in ranges readily accessible to the IMCA-CAT monochromators, so they hold substantial potential for use in the IMCA-CAT facilities.

     IMCA-CAT will permit the measurement of diffraction data from crystals pre-soaked in uranium or thorium compounds offsite provided that the quantity of radioactivity present in the pre-soaked samples is below the limits set for consideration as non-hazardous in the Argonne ES&H manual. However, IMCA-CAT has not established facilities for soaking crystals in radioactive heavy atom compounds. IMCA-CAT is developing plans to do so, and this safety plan will be modified when those plans are complete. The plan is to mount a cabinet in the chemistry laboratory for radioactive heavy atom reagents adjacent to but separate from the non-radioactive reagent cabinet. If the quantities of radioactive compounds require it, the storage box will be lead-lined. Manipulations of the radioactive reagents will be carried out in the fume hood wherever possible, and waste will be stored in radioactives-only waste disposal containers in the hood. IMCA-CAT will make the necessary arrangements for quantitation and disposal of radioactive wastes stemming from these uses, and for periodic swipes of the radioactive exposure area of the hood after its use for this purpose. The only manipulation of the radioactive reagents outside the hood will be to:

     • move the reagent bottle from the storage cabinet into the hood;
     • weigh out small quantities of the radioactive reagent in the CAT balance, which is outside the hood.
  6. Reagents used for heavy-atom derivitization.

     Table 5.2- Most commonly cited heavy-atom derivatizing reagents as compiled from Macromolecular Structures for 1991-1994 ( based on Table 1 in Rould, M.A. "Screening for Heavy-Atom Derivatives and Obtaining Accurate Isomorphous Differences" Methods in Enzymology Volume 276 Part A pg.465)

     Heavy-atom Reagent	Molecular Weight	Highest stock concentration used	Soak Time	Citations
     K2PtCl4		6mM	10 days	73
     KAu(CN)2		20mM		29
     Hg(CH3COO)2		50mM	-	29
     Pt(NH3)2Cl2				26
     *UO2(CH3COO)2		100mM	-	25
     HgCl2		20mM	2 days	25
     *K2UO2F5		30mM	14 days	23
     Ethyl mercurithiosalicylate (Thimerosal)		0.8mM	10-30 days	22
     (K/Na)AuCl4				22
     (Na/K)3IrCl6		5mM		21
     CH3CH2HgPO4				20
     K2PtCl6		5mM	-	19
     *UO2(NO3)2		100mM	13 days	17
     K2Pt(NO2)4		10mM	7 days	17
     (CH3)3Pb(CH3COO)				14
     CH3HgCl		-	-	13
     p-Chloromercuribenzene sulfate (PCMBS)		10mM	-	13
     K2Pt(CN)4		5mM	-	12
     Di-m-iodobis(ethylenediamine) diplatinum (PIP)				12
     Pb(CH3COO)2		100mM	1 day	12
     K2HgI4		5mM	days	12
     Mersalyl		0.9mM	10-40 days	12
     p-Chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB)		0.8mM	10-30 days	11
     CH3Hg(CH3COO)				11
     C(HgOOCH3)4 Tetrakis(mercuriacetoxy)methane (TAMM)				10
     SmCl3		20mM		8
     K2OsO4				8
     (K/Na)2OsCl6		-	-	7
     *UO2SO4		-	-	6
     1,2-Diacetoxymercuri- 2,3-dimethoxybutane (Baker's dimercurial)		10x Protein concentration	-	6
     2-Chloromercuri-4-nitrophenol				6
     AgNO3				5
     CH3CH2HgCl		Saturated	4 days	5
     p-Hydroxymercuribenzoate				5

     *Radioactive

  7. Exclusions:

     Radioactive samples: The laboratory facilities under the supervision of IMCA-CAT are not equipped to handle chemistry involving high specific-activity radioactive substances such as ³²P, ³⁵S, and ¹²⁵I. Reactions involving compounds labelled with these radionuclides should be performed in the home laboratories. Final crystals for analysis containing these entities will be considered if the levels of radioactivity are within the appropriate guidelines or that the precautions needed to perform diffraction experiments are within the capacity of IMCA-CAT to safely execute. If not, the experimenter will be advised to seek time at another beamline.

     Volatile heavy-atoms: At the present time, the laboratory facilities under the supervision of IMCA-CAT are unable to guarantee the safe handling of highly volatile heavy-atom compounds, particularly dimethyl mercury, tetramethyl lead, and tetraethyl lead. Storage and use of these compounds in the IMCA-CAT domain is forbidden. Samples pre-soaked in these reagents will be permitted onsite for diffraction analysis provided that transport requirements have been met and the quantities used are considered low enough that exposure to these reagents imparts little risk. Any experimenter wishing to work with samples soaked in these compounds must submit his or her experimental safety approval form a minimum of four weeks prior to his or her beam time in order that the staff can seek outside help in assessing the hazards of the experiment.

     Pathogens: At no time will pathogenic organisms of any sort be allowed within the IMCA-CAT domain. We have neither the facilities nor the expertise to handle these types of samples. The experimenter will be prevented from bringing samples of this type into the area supervised by IMCA-CAT. If the experimenter violates this rule in any manner, the experimenter will be permanently banned from the IMCA-CAT area. Facilities for handling some pathogens are being developed at in the BioCARS sector of CARS-CAT, and users wishing to measure diffraction from pathogenic samples will be encouraged to discuss their planned experiments with the BioCARS staff.